在我們埋頭苦背古詩文的歲月里，一定記得這樣一個少女：在家鄉受到侵犯時，她女扮男裝，騎上戰馬，奔赴邊疆，一路建功立業......花木蘭這個名字，成為了最古典的女性主義符號。
我們在“萬里赴戎機，關山度若飛。”中感受到木蘭的豪爽英氣，也在“當窗理云鬢，對鏡貼花黃。”里看到她脫下戎裝時的柔軟，更在“同行十二年，不知木蘭是女郎。”的詩句里窺見她十多年的艱辛與勇敢。
在女性只能相夫教子的時代里，她告訴我們，女性生來不是為了嫁人，不只有柔軟，不需要遵守三從四德，也不必等待被拯救。她可以勇敢，可以強大，可以橫槍躍馬，可以保家衛國。
今天我們就來感受一下《木蘭辭》的多版英譯：
木蘭辭 The Mulan Ballad
翻譯：汪榕培
唧唧復唧唧，木蘭當戶織。
不聞機杼聲，唯聞女嘆息。
問女何所思？問女何所憶？
女亦無所思，女亦無所憶。
昨夜見軍帖，可汗大點兵，
軍書十二卷，卷卷有爺名。
阿爺無大兒，木蘭無長兄，
愿為市鞍馬，從此替爺征。
Alas oh alas! Alas oh alas!
Mulan is weaving cloth of topmost class.
Listen and you don't hear the spinning drone;
You only hear the maiden sigh and moan.
"Good lass, what thought has occupied your mind?
Good lass, what thought can you not leave behind?"
"I've nothing that has occupied my mind;
I've nothing that I cannot leave behind.
I saw the new recruiting lists last night;
The Khan is summoning the men to fight.
The twelve lists are literally the same;
In every list there is my father's name.
My dad does not have any grown-up son;
I have no elder brother to carry the gun.
I'll go and buy a stalwart horse and pad
So as to go to battle for my dad."
東市買駿馬，西市買鞍韉，
南市買轡頭，北市買長鞭。
朝辭爺娘去，暮宿黃河邊。
不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺。
旦辭黃河去，暮至黑山頭。
不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞燕山胡騎聲啾啾。
萬里赴戎機，關山度若飛。
朔氣傳金柝，寒光照鐵衣。
將軍百戰死，壯士十年歸。
She buys a strong steed in the eastern market;
She buys a saddle in the western market;
She buys a bridle in the southern market;
She buys a long whip in the northern market.
She leaves her dearest parents by daylight,
And stays by the Yellow River for the night.
She can no longer hear her parents' sound,
But only hears the rushing flood around.
She leaves the Yellow River by daylight.
Arrives at Mount Heishan at early night.
She can no longer hear her parents' sound;
She only hears the Tartar steeds around.
She goes for miles and miles to join the war,
And crosses hills and valleys with the crops.
The northern wind resounds the watchmen's hail;
The chilly moon shines on their coats of mail.
Countless men die on the battlefields.
While other men return with swords and shileds.
歸來見天子，天子坐明堂。
策勛十二轉，賞賜百千強。
可汗問所欲，“木蘭不用尚書郎，
愿借明駝千里足，送兒還故鄉。”
爺娘聞女來，出郭相扶將。
阿姊聞妹來，當戶理紅妝。
小弟聞姊來，磨刀霍霍向豬羊。
Mulan receives an audience from the Khan,
Who makes a huge grant to the valiant “man.”
Mulan is praised and offered the highest post,
And given piles of treasures she can boast.
She says when asked what she would like to do,
“High posts at court are not what I pursue.
All I want is a camel with its crew
To send me home to start my life anew.”
On hearing that Mulan will soon be home,
Her parents leave the courtyard arm in arm.
On hearing that Mulan will soon be home,
Her younger sister makes up to add charm.
On hearing that Mulan will soon be home,
Her younger brother butches pigs on the farm.
開我東閣門，坐我西閣床。
脫我戰時袍，著我舊時裳。
當窗理云鬢，對鏡貼花黃。
出門看火伴，火伴皆驚惶。
同行十二年，不知木蘭是女郎。
“雄兔腳撲朔，雌兔眼迷離；
兩兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌！”
She opens doors of chambers east and west
And sits upon her bed to take a rest.
She first takes off her warrior’s coat of mail
And then puts on her female dress and veil.
She stands by windows doing her long hair
And faces mirrors painting her brows fair.
When she meets her mates in female array,
They stare at her in great surprise and say,
“We fought for twelve years in the same brigade,
But never knew that Mulan was a maid!”
“The male rabbit hops and skips on the ground;
The female rabbit winks and blinks around.
When two rabbits scurry to and fro,
Who knows which is the buck and which the doe?”
- 譯文 2 -
木蘭辭 Song of Mulan
翻譯： 許淵沖
唧唧復唧唧，木蘭當戶織。
不聞機杼聲，唯聞女嘆息。
問女何所思？問女何所憶？
女亦無所思，女亦無所憶。
昨夜見軍帖，可汗大點兵，
軍書十二卷，卷卷有爺名。
阿爺無大兒，木蘭無長兄，
愿為市鞍馬，從此替爺征。
Alack，alas! Alack, alas!
She weaves and sees the shuttle pass.
You cannot hear the shuttle, why?
Its whir is drowned in her deep sigh.
"Oh, what are you thinking about?
Will you tell us? Will you speak out?"
"I have no worry on my mind,
Nor have I grief of any kind.
I read the battle roll last night;
The Khan has ordered men to fight.
The roll was written in twelve books;
My father's name was in twelve nooks.
My father has no grown-up son,
For elder brother I have none.
I'll get a horse of hardy race
And serve in my father's place."
東市買駿馬，西市買鞍韉，
南市買轡頭，北市買長鞭。
朝辭爺娘去，暮宿黃河邊。
不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺。
旦辭黃河去，暮至黑山頭。
不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞燕山胡騎聲啾啾。
萬里赴戎機，關山度若飛。
朔氣傳金柝，寒光照鐵衣。
將軍百戰死，壯士十年歸。
She buys a steed at eastern fair,
A whip and saddle here and there.
She buys a bridle at the south
And metal bit for the horse's mouth.
At dawn she leaves her parents by the city wall;
At dusk she reaches Yellow River shore.
All night she listens for old folk's familiar call,
But only hears the Yellow River's roar.
At dawn she leaves the Yellow River shore;
To mountains Black she goes her way.
At night she hears old folk's familiar voice no more,
But only on north mountains Tartar horses neighs.
For miles and miles the army march along
And cross the mountain barriers as in flight.
The northern wind has chilled the watchman's gong,
Their coat of mail glistens in wintry light.
In ten years they've lost many captains strong,
But battle-hardened warriors come back in delight.
歸來見天子，天子坐明堂。
策勛十二轉，賞賜百千強。
可汗問所欲，“木蘭不用尚書郎，
愿借明駝千里足，送兒還故鄉。”
爺娘聞女來，出郭相扶將。
阿姊聞妹來，當戶理紅妝。
小弟聞姊來，磨刀霍霍向豬羊。
Back they have their audience with the Khan in the hall,
Honors and gifts are lavished on warriors all.
The Khan asks her what she wants as a grace.
"A camel fleet to carry me to my native place."
Hearing that she has come,
Her parents hurry to meet her at city gate.
Her sister rouges her face at home,
Her younger brother kills pig and sheep to celebrate.
開我東閣門，坐我西閣床。
脫我戰時袍，著我舊時裳。
當窗理云鬢，對鏡貼花黃。
出門看火伴，火伴皆驚惶。
同行十二年，不知木蘭是女郎。
“雄兔腳撲朔，雌兔眼迷離；
兩兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌！”
She opens the doors east and west
And sits on her bed for a rest.
She doffs her garb wore under fire
And wears again female attire.
Before the window she arranges her hair
And in the mirror sees her image fair.
Then she comes out to see her former mate,
Who stares at her in amazement great:
"We have marched together for twelve years,
We did not know there was a lass' mid our compeers!"
"Both buck and doe have lilting gait
And both their eyelids palpitate.
When side by side two rabbits go,
Who can tell the buck from the doe?"
- 譯文 3 -
木蘭辭 Ode of Mulan
翻譯： Han H. Frankel
唧唧復唧唧，木蘭當戶織。
不聞機杼聲，唯聞女嘆息。
問女何所思？問女何所憶？
女亦無所思，女亦無所憶。
昨夜見軍帖，可汗大點兵，
軍書十二卷，卷卷有爺名。
阿爺無大兒，木蘭無長兄，
愿為市鞍馬，從此替爺征。
Tsiek tsiek and again tsiek tsiek,
Mu-lan weaves, facing the door.
You don't hear the shuttle's sound,
You only hear Daughter's sighs.
They ask Daughter who's in her heart,
They ask Daughter who's on her mind.
“No one is on Daughter's heart,
No one is on Daughter's mind.
Last night I saw the draft posters,
The Khan is calling many troops,
The army list is in twelve scrolls,
On every scroll there's Father's name.
Father has no grown-up son,
Mu-lan has no elder brother.
I want to buy a saddle and horse,
And serve in the army in Father's place.”
東市買駿馬，西市買鞍韉，
南市買轡頭，北市買長鞭。
朝辭爺娘去，暮宿黃河邊。
不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞黃河流水鳴濺濺。
旦辭黃河去，暮至黑山頭。
不聞爺娘喚女聲，但聞燕山胡騎聲啾啾。
萬里赴戎機，關山度若飛。
朔氣傳金柝，寒光照鐵衣。
將軍百戰死，壯士十年歸。
In the East Market she buys a spirited horse,
In the West Market she buys a saddle,
In the South Market she buys a bridle,
In the North Market she buys a long whip.
At dawn she takes leave of Father and Mother,
In the evening camps on the Yellow River's bank.
She doesn't hear the sound of Father and Mother calling,
She only hears the Yellow River's flowing water cry tsien tsien.
At dawn she takes leave of the Yellow River,
In the evening she arrives at Black Mountain.
She doesn't hear the sound of Father and Mother calling,
She only hears Mount Yen's nomad horses cry tsiu tsiu.
She goes ten thousand miles on the business of war,
She crosses passes and mountains like flying.
Northern gusts carry the rattle of army pots,
Chilly light shines on iron armor.
Generals die in a hundred battles,
Stout soldiers return after ten years.
歸來見天子，天子坐明堂。
策勛十二轉，賞賜百千強。
可汗問所欲，“木蘭不用尚書郎，
愿借明駝千里足，送兒還故鄉。”
爺娘聞女來，出郭相扶將。
阿姊聞妹來，當戶理紅妝。
小弟聞姊來，磨刀霍霍向豬羊。
On her return she sees the Son of Heaven,
The Son of Heaven sits in the Splendid Hall.
He gives out promotions in twelve ranks
And prizes of a hundred thousand and more.
The Khan asks her what she desires.
“Mu-lan has no use for a minister's post.
I wish to ride a swift mount
To take me back to my home.”
When Father and Mother hear Daughter is coming,
They go outside the wall to meet her, leaning on each other.
When Elder Sister hears Younger Sister is coming
She fixes her rouge, facing the door.
When Little Brother hears Elder Sister is coming
He whets the knife, quick quick, for pig and sheep.
開我東閣門，坐我西閣床。
脫我戰時袍，著我舊時裳。
當窗理云鬢，對鏡貼花黃。
出門看火伴，火伴皆驚惶。
同行十二年，不知木蘭是女郎。
“雄兔腳撲朔，雌兔眼迷離；
兩兔傍地走，安能辨我是雄雌！”
“I open the door to my east chamber,
I sit on my couch in the west room,
I take off my wartime gown
And put on my old-time clothes.”
Facing the window she fixes her cloudlike hair,
Hanging up a mirror she dabs on yellow flower powder.
She goes out the door and sees her comrades,
Her comrades are all amazed and perplexed.
Traveling together for twelve years,
They didn't know Mu-lan was a girl.
“The he-hare's feet go hop and skip,
The she-hare's eyes are muddled and fuddled.
Two hares running side by side close to the ground,
How can they tell if I am he or she?”
