直接引語變為間接引語時,句子很多部分也要跟著變化,具體哪些呢?大家可以學習或者復習一下哦。
直接引語變為間接引語時,若主句為過去時態,變為間接引語的賓語從句通常要將時態往后推一個,即一般現在時變為一般過去時,一般將來時變為過去將來時,現在進行時變為過去進行時,現在完成時變為過去完成時,一般過去時也變為過去完成時,等等。另外,若直接引語中有情態動詞can, may等,也應變成過去式could, might等。如:
“I like to watch TV,” she said. 她說:“我喜歡看電視。”
→She said that she liked to watch TV. 她說她喜歡看電視。
He said, “I’m waiting for her.” 他說:“我在等她。”
→He said that he was waiting for her. 他說他在等她。
“It will rain soon,” he said. 他說:“很快就會下雨。”
→He said that it would rain soon. 他說很快就會下雨。
“She can swim,” he said. 他說:“她會游泳。”
→He said that she could swim. 他說她會游泳。
注意: 若直接引語為客觀真理,則變為間接引語時時態不變:
The teacher said, “The earth turns around the sun.” 老師說:“地球繞著太陽轉。”
→The teacher said that the earth turns around the sun. 老師說地球繞著太陽轉。
有時由于直接引語有特定的過去時間狀語,變為間接引語時時態也可不變:
He said, “ was born in 1954.” 他說:“我是1954年生的。”
→He said that he was born in 1954. 他說他是1954年生的。
直接引語變間接引語時,有些時間狀語根據情況也要相應的改動:如將now改為then,將today 改為that day,將tonight改為that night,將yesterday改為the day before,將this month改為that month,將last week改為the week before,將three years ago改為three years before,將tomorrow改為the next day,將next year改為the next year,等等。如:
He said, “I’m very busy now.” 他說:“我現在很忙。”
→He said that he was very busy then. 他說他當時很忙。
He said, “I want to leave today.” 他說:“他想今天離開。”
→He said that he wanted to leave that day. 他說他想那天就離開。
He said, “She left yesterday.” 他說:“她昨天離開了。”
→He said that she had left the day before. 他說她前一天就離開了。
She said, “I’ll tell you tomorrow.” 她說:“我明天告訴你。”
→She said that she would tell me the next day. 她說她第二天告訴我。
以上變化有時應視情況而定,若在當時轉述,now不必改為then;若在當天轉述,today, yesterday, tomorrow等不必改為that day, the day before, the next day等;若在當周轉述,this week, last week 不必改為that week, the last week;若在當年轉述,this year, last year 不必改為that year, the last year等。
在直接引語變為間接引語時,有些代詞也要作相應的變化,如指示代詞this和these通常變為that和those。同時人稱代詞、物主代詞、反身代詞等也要根據具體情況作出合理的調整。如:
He said, “ this is the best.” 他說:“我認為這是最好的。”
→He said that he thought that was the best. 他說他認為那是最好的。
“I’ll send you a card, Sue,” Ann said. “休,我將給你寄一張明信片,”安說。
→Ann told Sue she’d send her a card. 安告訴休她將給她寄一張明信片。
注:若場所和地點不發生改變,this和that也可以不變。
主要涉及的地點狀語是here,它在間接引語中通常要變為there。如:
“I’ve live here for 10 years,” he said. 他說:“我在這兒已住了10年。”
→He said that he had lived there for 10 years. 他說他在那兒住了10年。
注:若在當地轉述,則here也可不必改為there。
直接引語變為間接引語時,有個別動詞也可能需要改變,如come改為go,bring改為take等。如:
“He will come today.” she said. 她說:“他今天會來。”
→She said that he would go that day. 她說他那天會去。
注:若地點和場所未發生改變,come和bring等也可不變。
對于直接引語為疑問句的情形,由于變為間接引語后“疑問句”變成了賓語從句,所以要注意將疑問句詞序改為陳述句詞序。如:
“Do you know this man?” he asked. “你認識這個人嗎?”他問。
→He asked if I knew that man. 他問我是否認識那個人。
“Is anyone late for class?” he asked. 他問道:“上課有人遲到嗎?”
→He asked if anyone was late for class. 他問上課是否有人遲到。
“What do you do in the evening?” he asked “你一般晚上做什么?”他問。
→He asks what I did in the evening. 他問我晚上一般干什么。
有時由直接引語變為間接引語時,其句式也要發生變化。如當直接引語為祈使句時,變為間接引語時,通常應將祈使句改用ask sb to do sth句式。如:
“Come early tomorrow, Jim,” he said. 他說:“吉姆,明天早點來。”
→He told Jim to come early the next day. 他叫吉姆第二天早點來。
He said, “Don’t open the door.” 他說:“別開門。”
He told me not to open the door. 他叫我別開門。
注: 除動詞 ask, tell, order 外,有時也可能用其他動詞。如:
“Remember to switch off all the lights,” she said. 她說:“記著把所有的燈關掉。”
She reminded me to switch off all the lights. 她提醒我把所有的燈關掉。
若祈使句中沒有呼語,應根據句意給動詞 ask, tell, order 等補上適當的賓語。如:
“Be quiet, Tom,” the teacher said. “湯姆,安靜點,”老師說。
The teacher told Tom to be quiet. 老師叫湯姆安靜。