演說者：Lisa Genova
演說題目：我們?nèi)绾晤A(yù)防老年癡呆癥？
神經(jīng)科學(xué)家同時(shí)也是《我想念我自己》的作者Lisa 說，「老年癡呆癥不一定是你大腦的宿命」。她向我們分享這個(gè)疾病最新的科學(xué)調(diào)查，以及一些前瞻性的研究，讓我們可以做些事來建構(gòu)起 一顆「對(duì)抗老年癡呆癥的大腦」。
中英對(duì)照演講稿
How many people here would like to live to be at least 80 years old? Yeah. I think we all have this hopeful expectation of living into old age. Let's project out into the future, to your future 'you's,' and let's imagine that we're all 85. Now, everyone look at two people. One of you probably has Alzheimer's disease.
在座有多少人希望能活到八十歲以上？ 好。 我想我們每個(gè)人 都渴望能夠長(zhǎng)壽。 讓我們穿越到未來， 未來的你們 假設(shè)都已85歲。 我們隨便挑選兩個(gè)人， 其中一人就可能患有老年癡呆癥。
Alright, alright. And maybe you're thinking, 'Well, it won't be me.' Then, OK. You are a caregiver. So --so in some way, this terrifying disease is likely to affect us all.
好吧，好吧。 也許你會(huì)想：“反正不會(huì)是我”。 那么好的。你是另一位的照顧人。 所以……所以某種意義上來說， 這個(gè)可怕的疾病可能 會(huì)影響我們每一個(gè)人。
Part of the fear around Alzheimer's stems from the sense that there's nothing we can do about it. Despite decades of research, we still have no disease-modifying treatment and no cure. So if we're lucky enough to live long enough, Alzheimer's appears to be our brain's destiny.
對(duì)于老年癡呆的恐懼部分源于 我們對(duì)此的無能為力。 盡管幾十年的研究下來， 我們依然沒有改善病情的方法。 如果我們有幸長(zhǎng)命百歲， 老年癡呆似乎是我們大腦的宿命。
But maybe it doesn't have to be. What if I told you we could change these statistics, literally change our brain's destiny, without relying on a cure or advancements in medicine?
情況也許沒有這么糟。 如果我告訴你，我們可以改變現(xiàn)狀， 就是改變我們大腦的命運(yùn)， 不依賴于任何療法或是藥物的發(fā)展呢？
Let's begin by looking at what we currently understand about the neuroscience of Alzheimer's. Here's a picture of two neurons connecting. The point of connection, this space circled in red, is called the synapse. The synapse is where neurotransmitters are released. This is where signals are transmitted, where communication happens. This is where we think, feel, see, hear, desire ... and remember. And the synapse is where Alzheimer's happens.
讓我們先看看目前 神經(jīng)學(xué)上對(duì)老年癡呆的了解。 這是一張兩個(gè)神經(jīng)元連接的圖。 連接的部位，也就是紅色圈出的這塊， 叫做突觸。 突觸是神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放的場(chǎng)所， 這是信號(hào)傳送、交流的場(chǎng)所。 這是我們思考、感受、視聽、欲望 和記憶的場(chǎng)所。 而突觸也正是老年癡呆發(fā)病的地方。
Let's zoom in on the synapse and look at a cartoon representation of what's going on. During the business of communicating information, in addition to releasing neurotransmitters like glutamate into the synapse, neurons also release a small peptide called amyloid beta. Normally, amyloid beta is cleared away metabolized by microglia, the janitor cells of our brains. While the molecular causes of Alzheimer's are still debated, most neuroscientists believe that the disease begins when amyloid beta begins to accumulate. Too much is released, or not enough is cleared away, and the synapse begins to pile up with amyloid beta. And when this happens, it binds to itself, forming sticky aggregates called amyloid plaques.
讓我們把突觸放大， 看一則動(dòng)畫演示。 在信息溝通的過程中， 除了釋放谷氨酸等神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)到突觸， 神經(jīng)元還釋放了一種 名為β淀粉樣蛋白的小肽。 正常情況下，β淀粉樣蛋白 在新陳代謝時(shí)會(huì)被清除， 由我們大腦的看護(hù)細(xì)胞 小神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞處理。 盡管分子層面引發(fā) 老年癡呆的原因還爭(zhēng)論不休， 大多數(shù)神經(jīng)學(xué)家相信 β淀粉樣蛋白的累積引發(fā)了老年癡呆。 釋放了太多，或者是未能完全清理， 突觸因此便開始堆積β淀粉樣蛋白。 若這一事件發(fā)生 突觸逐漸束縛了自己， 產(chǎn)生一種叫做淀粉樣斑塊 的黏糊糊的聚合體。
How many people here are 40 years old or older? You're afraid to admit it now. This initial step into the disease, this presence of amyloid plaques accumulating, can already be found in your brains. The only way we could be sure of this would be through a PET scan, because at this point, you are blissfully unaware. You're not showing any impairments in memory, language, or cognition ... yet. We think it takes at least 15 to 20 years of amyloid plaque accumulation before it reaches a tipping point, then triggering a molecular cascade that causes the clinical symptoms of the disease. Prior to the tipping point, your lapses in memory might include things like, 'Why did I come in this room?' or 'Oh ... what's his name?' or 'Where did I put my keys?'
在座的有多少人已經(jīng)四十多歲了？ 你不想承認(rèn)了嗎？ 老年癡呆癥的起步， 淀粉樣斑塊的累積， 也許已經(jīng)在你的大腦初步產(chǎn)生。 我們唯一能確認(rèn)的方式是PET掃描， 因?yàn)楝F(xiàn)在你對(duì)此毫無知覺。 你還沒有任何記憶、 語(yǔ)言、或是認(rèn)知方面的問題... 現(xiàn)在還沒有。 我們認(rèn)為淀粉樣斑塊的累積 至少需要15至20年時(shí)間 才會(huì)到達(dá)它的臨界點(diǎn)， 隨后引發(fā)分子的連鎖反應(yīng) 導(dǎo)致了這一疾病的臨床癥狀。 在這一臨界點(diǎn)之前， 你的記憶衰退可能會(huì)像這樣： “我為什么到這間屋子來？” 或是“呃，他叫什么來著？” 或是“我把鑰匙放哪了？”
Now, before you all start freaking out again, because I know half of you did at least one of those in the last 24 hours -- these are all normal kinds of forgetting. In fact, I would argue that these examples might not even involve your memory, because you didn't pay attention to where you put your keys in the first place. After the tipping point, the glitches in memory, language and cognition are different. Instead of eventually finding your keys in your coat pocket or on the table by the door, you find them in the refrigerator, or you find them and you think, 'What are these for?'
現(xiàn)在，在你們驚慌失措之前， 我知道你們中的半數(shù)在過去的 24小時(shí)內(nèi)至少有過上述之一， 這些都是正常的遺忘類型。 實(shí)際上，我的看法是這些示例， 甚至都與你的記憶沒什么關(guān)系， 因?yàn)槠鸪跄悴]有在意 你把鑰匙放在哪里。 在臨界點(diǎn)之后， 記憶、語(yǔ)言和認(rèn)知的偏差是不一樣的。 最后發(fā)現(xiàn)鑰匙并不在你的大衣口袋， 或是不在門邊的桌上， 你在冰箱里找到了你的鑰匙， 或者你找到鑰匙后想， “這玩意是干嘛的？”
So what happens when amyloid plaques accumulate to this tipping point? Our microglia janitor cells become hyper-activated, releasing chemicals that cause inflammation and cellular damage. We think they might actually start clearing away the synapses themselves. A crucial neural transport protein called 'tau' becomes hyperphosphorylated and twists itself into something called 'tangles,' which choke off the neurons from the inside. By mid-stage Alzheimer's, we have massive inflammation and tangles and all-out war at the synapse and cell death.
所以當(dāng)?shù)矸蹣影邏K積累到 臨界點(diǎn)后會(huì)發(fā)生什么？ 我們的看護(hù)細(xì)胞小神經(jīng) 膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞變得過度活躍， 釋放出導(dǎo)致炎癥和 細(xì)胞損傷的化學(xué)物質(zhì)。 我們認(rèn)為這可能會(huì) 清除突觸本身。 一種叫做tau蛋白的神經(jīng) 轉(zhuǎn)運(yùn)蛋白變得過度磷酸化 并轉(zhuǎn)化成叫做神經(jīng)纖維纏結(jié)的物質(zhì)， 從內(nèi)部阻塞了神經(jīng)元。 在老年癡呆癥的中期， 大量的炎癥和神經(jīng)纖維纏結(jié) 以及突觸處的全面戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng) 以及細(xì)胞的凋亡。
So if you were a scientist trying to cure this disease, at what point would you ideally want to intervene? Many scientists are betting big on the simplest solution: keep amyloid plaques from reaching that tipping point, which means that drug discovery is largely focused on developing a compound that will prevent, eliminate, or reduce amyloid plaque accumulation. So the cure for Alzheimer's will likely be a preventative medicine. We're going to have to take this pill before we reach that tipping point, before the cascade is triggered, before we start leaving our keys in the refrigerator. We think this is why, to date, these kinds of drugs have failed in clinical trials -- not because the science wasn't sound, but because the people in these trials were already symptomatic. It was too late. Think of amyloid plaques as a lit match. At the tipping point, the match sets fire to the forest. Once the forest is ablaze, it doesn't do any good to blow out the match. You have to blow out the match before the forest catches fire.
如果你是一位想要 治愈該病的科學(xué)家， 最佳介入時(shí)機(jī)是什么時(shí)候呢？ 許多科學(xué)家賭在了 最簡(jiǎn)單的解決方法上： 避免淀粉樣斑塊達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)， 也就意味著藥物研發(fā) 很大程度上聚焦于 研發(fā)一種可以預(yù)防、消除 或是減少淀粉樣斑塊積累的化合物。 所以老年癡呆癥的治療方法 很有可能是一種預(yù)防性的藥物。 我們需要在臨界點(diǎn)到達(dá)之前， 在連鎖反應(yīng)產(chǎn)生之前， 在我們把鑰匙落在冰箱前 服用這種藥物。 我們認(rèn)為這也是迄今為止 這類藥物在臨床試驗(yàn)上 失敗的原因。 并不是因?yàn)榭茖W(xué)技術(shù)不夠可靠， 而是因?yàn)樵谂R床試驗(yàn)的人們 都已是老年癡呆的患者。 這就為時(shí)已晚。 試想淀粉樣斑塊是已經(jīng)點(diǎn)燃的火柴。 在臨界點(diǎn)后，火柴的火引燃了整片森林。 一旦森林起火， 吹滅火柴早已于事無補(bǔ)。 你需要在火柴引燃 森林前就把火柴熄滅。
Even before scientists sort this out, this information is actually really good news for us, because it turns out that the way we live can influence the accumulation of amyloid plaques. And so there are things we can do to keep us from reaching that tipping point.
即使科學(xué)家還尚未解決問題， 這一好消息確實(shí)振奮人心， 因?yàn)檫@證明了我們的生活方式 可以影響淀粉樣斑塊的積累。 我們可以做許多小事 來避免達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)。
Let's picture your risk of Alzheimer's as a see-saw scale. We're going to pile risk factors on one arm, and when that arm hits the floor, you are symptomatic and diagnosed with Alzheimer's. Let's imagine you're 50 years old. You're not a spring chicken anymore, so you've accumulated some amyloid plaques with age. Your scale is tipped a little bit.
不妨把患老年癡呆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)比作天平。 把可能增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn)的因素放在一端， 如果一端觸到地面，那么你將患病。 并被診斷為老年癡呆。 假設(shè)你已五十歲。 你已不再年輕， 隨年歲增長(zhǎng)你已積累了部分淀粉樣斑塊。 你的天平已經(jīng)微微傾斜。
Now let's look at your DNA. We've all inherited our genes from our moms and our dads. Some of these genes will increase our risk and some will decrease it. If you're like Alice in 'Still Alice,' you've inherited a rare genetic mutation that cranks out amyloid beta, and this alone will tip your scale arm to the ground. But for most of us, the genes we inherit will only tip the arm a bit. For example, APOE4 is a gene variant that increases amyloid, but you can inherit a copy of APOE4 from mom and dad and still never get Alzheimer's, which means that for most of us, our DNA alone does not determine whether we get Alzheimer's. So what does? We can't do anything about getting older or the genes we've inherited. So far, we haven't changed our brain's destiny.
現(xiàn)在觀察一下你的DNA。 我們的基因全部遺傳自我們的父母。 一些基因會(huì)增加風(fēng)險(xiǎn) 還有一些會(huì)降低風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 如果你像《依然愛麗絲》中的愛麗絲一樣， 你遺傳的一種罕見的基因突變， 粗制濫造著β淀粉樣蛋白， 單單這一點(diǎn)就會(huì)使你的天平一端著地。 不過對(duì)于大多數(shù)人而言 該基因只會(huì)使天平稍稍傾斜。 舉個(gè)例子，APOE4是一種 增加淀粉樣蛋白的變異基因， 你可能會(huì)從父母那里 遺傳一份APOE4的基因 不過卻不會(huì)患上老年癡呆， 這也就意味著對(duì)大多數(shù)人而言， 我們的DNA并不是決定 老年癡呆的唯一要素。 那么什么決定呢？ 我們對(duì)于衰老無能為力 也無法決定我們遺傳的基因。 到現(xiàn)在我們還沒有 改變我們大腦的宿命。
What about sleep? In slow-wave deep sleep, our glial cells rinse cerebral spinal fluid throughout our brains, clearing away metabolic waste that accumulated in our synapses while we were awake. Deep sleep is like a power cleanse for the brain. But what happens if you shortchange yourself on sleep? Many scientists believe that poor sleep hygiene might actually be a predictor of Alzheimer's. A single night of sleep deprivation leads to an increase in amyloid beta. And amyloid accumulation has been shown to disrupt sleep, which in turn causes more amyloid to accumulate. And so now we have this positive feedback loop that's going to accelerate the tipping of that scale.
關(guān)于睡眠呢？ 在慢波深度睡眠時(shí)， 我們的神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞 沖洗著我們大腦中的腦脊液， 清除掉積累在突觸的代謝廢物 當(dāng)我們清醒時(shí)。 深度睡眠就好像是大腦的強(qiáng)效凈化。 那么如果你在睡眠方面虧待了自己呢？ 許多科學(xué)家堅(jiān)信 不良的睡眠衛(wèi)生可能 是老年癡呆的前兆。 缺乏僅僅一晚的睡眠就會(huì) 增加β淀粉樣蛋白。 而淀粉樣蛋白的累積 已被證實(shí)會(huì)影響睡眠， 從而導(dǎo)致了更多淀粉樣蛋白的累積。 所以現(xiàn)在我們有了正反饋循環(huán)， 將會(huì)加劇天平的傾倒。
What else? Cardiovascular health. High blood pressure, diabetes, obesity, smoking, high cholesterol, have all been shown to increase our risk of developing Alzheimer's. Some autopsy studies have shown that as many as 80 percent of people with Alzheimer's also had cardiovascular disease. Aerobic exercise has been shown in many studies to decrease amyloid beta in animal models of the disease. So a heart-healthy Mediterranean lifestyle and diet can help to counter the tipping of this scale.
還有別的嗎？ 心血管的健康。 高血壓、糖尿病、肥胖、 吸煙、高膽固醇， 這些都證明會(huì)增加患老年癡呆的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。 一些驗(yàn)尸報(bào)告表明 有80%的老年癡呆患者 同樣患有心血管疾病。 許多研究表明有氧運(yùn)動(dòng) 在該病的動(dòng)物模型試驗(yàn)中 可以有效減少β淀粉樣蛋白。 所以有益心臟健康的 地中海式生活方式和飲食 可以有效扳回傾斜的天平。
So there are many things we can do to prevent or delay the onset of Alzheimer's. But let's say you haven't done any of them. Let's say you're 65; there's Alzheimer's in your family, so you've likely inherited a gene or two that tips your scale arm a bit; you've been burning the candle at both ends for years; you love bacon; and you don't run unless someone's chasing you.
所以我們能做很多事 來預(yù)防或者延緩老年癡呆癥的到來。 不過假設(shè)你并沒有做任何事。 并且你已經(jīng)六十五歲了， 你的家庭中有老年癡呆的患者 所以你可能遺傳了一兩種 可能會(huì)傾斜天平的基因， 你的生命之火漸漸微弱， 你喜歡培根， 除非有人追你你懶得跑動(dòng)。
Let's imagine that your amyloid plaques have reached that tipping point. Your scale arm has crashed to the floor. You've tripped the cascade, setting fire to the forest, causing inflammation, tangles, and cell death. You should be symptomatic for Alzheimer's. You should be having trouble finding words and keys and remembering what I said at the beginning of this talk. But you might not be.
假設(shè)你的淀粉樣斑塊已經(jīng)達(dá)到臨界點(diǎn)。 你天平的一端已墜地。 你觸發(fā)了連鎖反應(yīng)， 引發(fā)了森林火災(zāi)， 導(dǎo)致了炎癥、神經(jīng)纖維 纏結(jié)以及細(xì)胞凋亡。 你表現(xiàn)出老年癡呆的癥狀。 你在措辭和找鑰匙時(shí)會(huì)碰到麻煩 并且回想不起我一開始講的內(nèi)容。 也許你不會(huì)這樣。
There's one more thing you can do to protect yourself from experiencing the symptoms of Alzheimer's, even if you have the full-blown disease pathology ablaze in your brain. It has to do with neural plasticity and cognitive reserve. Remember, the experience of having Alzheimer's is ultimately a result of losing synapses. The average brain has over a hundred trillion synapses, which is fantastic; we've got a lot to work with. And this isn't a static number. We gain and lose synapses all the time, through a process called neural plasticity. Every time we learn something new, we are creating and strengthening new neural connections, new synapses.
另外還有一件事可以幫助你 免于老年癡呆的癥狀， 哪怕你的大腦已病入膏肓。 它需解決神經(jīng)可塑性 和認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備問題。 記住，老年癡呆癥的發(fā)作 是突觸損失的最終后果。 一般大腦有超過萬(wàn)億的突觸， 這很不可思議， 我們有這么龐大的數(shù)量。 而這一數(shù)字不是一成不變。 我們?cè)谝粋€(gè)叫做神經(jīng)可塑性的過程之中， 不斷生成和消耗著突觸。 每當(dāng)我們習(xí)得新東西， 我們建立并強(qiáng)化新的神經(jīng)連接， 新的突觸產(chǎn)生了。
In the Nun Study, 678 nuns, all over the age of 75 when the study began, were followed for more than two decades. They were regularly given physical checkups and cognitive tests, and when they died, their brains were all donated for autopsy. In some of these brains, scientists discovered something surprising. Despite the presence of plaques and tangles and brain shrinkage -- what appeared to be unquestionable Alzheimer's -- the nuns who had belonged to these brains showed no signs of having the disease while they were alive.
在Nun研究中， 研究開始時(shí)，678位修女全都年過七十五歲， 進(jìn)行了二十多年的研究。 她們會(huì)定期接受身體檢查和認(rèn)知測(cè)試， 如果不行去世，她們的大腦 都捐獻(xiàn)出去用于驗(yàn)尸。 科學(xué)家們?cè)谝恍┐竽X中 發(fā)現(xiàn)了一些神奇的東西。 盡管樣斑塊、神經(jīng)纖維 纏結(jié)和大腦的萎縮， 這些現(xiàn)象似乎是老年癡呆癥無疑， 然而這些大腦的主人 那些修女卻沒有在生前 表現(xiàn)出患有老年癡呆的癥狀。
How can this be? We think it's because these nuns had a high level of cognitive reserve, which is a way of saying that they had more functional synapses. People who have more years of formal education, who have a high degree of literacy, who engage regularly in mentally stimulating activities, all have more cognitive reserve. They have an abundance and a redundancy in neural connections. So even if they have a disease like Alzheimer's compromising some of their synapses, they've got many extra backup connections, and this buffers them from noticing that anything is amiss.
這是怎么回事呢？ 我們認(rèn)為這是因?yàn)檫@些 修女擁有高級(jí)的認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備， 意味著她們有功能更強(qiáng)的突觸。 接受正式教育的時(shí)間越長(zhǎng)的人， 擁有較強(qiáng)讀寫能力的人， 定期參加刺激心理活動(dòng)的人， 這些人都有更高的認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備。 他們有著大量甚至多余的神經(jīng)連接。 所以即使他們患上老年癡呆等疾病 損傷了部分突觸， 他們依然有充足的額外后備連接， 而這減緩了他們的大腦產(chǎn)生混亂。
Let's imagine a simplified example. Let's say you only know one thing about a subject. Let's say it's about me. You know that Lisa Genova wrote 'Still Alice,' and that's the only thing you know about me. You have that single neural connection, that one synapse. Now imagine you have Alzheimer's. You have plaques and tangles and inflammation and microglia devouring that synapse. Now when someone asks you, 'Hey, who wrote 'Still Alice?'' you can't remember, because that synapse is either failing or gone. You've forgotten me forever.
讓我們來看一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的例子。 假設(shè)你只知道關(guān)于某一主題的一件事。 比方說是關(guān)于我的。 你知道麗莎·吉諾瓦 寫下了《依然愛麗絲》， 這是你唯一知道的關(guān)于我的事。 你擁有一處單一的神經(jīng)連接， 那一個(gè)特定突觸。 如果現(xiàn)在你患上了老年癡呆。 你有樣斑塊、神經(jīng)纖維纏結(jié)和炎癥 以及小神經(jīng)膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞吞噬了那一突觸。 現(xiàn)在若有人問起你 “嘿，誰(shuí)寫了《依然愛麗絲》？“ 你無法回想起來了， 因?yàn)槟莻€(gè)突觸要么衰弱要么消失了。 你把我忘得一干二凈。
But what if you had learned more about me? Let's say you learned four things about me. Now imagine you have Alzheimer's, and three of those synapses are damaged or destroyed. You still have a way to detour the wreckage. You can still remember my name. So we can be resilient to the presence of Alzheimer's pathology through the recruitment of yet-undamaged pathways. And we create these pathways, this cognitive reserve, by learning new things. Ideally, we want these new things to be as rich in meaning as possible, recruiting sight and sound and associations and emotion.
但是如果你對(duì)我了解更深呢？ 比如你了解我的四件事情。 現(xiàn)在如果你患上了老年癡呆， 即使三處突觸已損傷或者毀壞。 你依然有一條路來 繞過阻礙找到我的信息。 你依然記得我的名字。 所以我們可以通過使用那些未損壞的通路 有效應(yīng)對(duì)老年癡呆。 同時(shí)我們通過學(xué)習(xí)新事物， 創(chuàng)造了新的通路，改變著認(rèn)知儲(chǔ)備。 理想情況下，我們希望 這些新事物的意義盡可能豐富， 吸納視覺與聽覺的聯(lián)合感受。
So this really doesn't mean doing crossword puzzles. You don't want to simply retrieve information you've already learned, because this is like traveling down old, familiar streets, cruising neighborhoods you already know. You want to pave new neural roads. Building an Alzheimer's-resistant brain means learning to speak Italian, meeting new friends, reading a book, or listening to a great TED Talk.
所以這并不意味著 去做橫縱字謎游戲。 你不希望去重拾 那些你早已學(xué)會(huì)的信息， 這就好比游覽老舊的熟悉街道， 那些周邊環(huán)境你早已了然于心。 你想要開辟新的神經(jīng)道路。 使你的大腦抵抗老年癡呆 意味著學(xué)習(xí)說意大利語(yǔ)， 去遇見新朋友， 讀一本書， 或是聽一場(chǎng)精彩的TED演講。
And if, despite all of this, you are someday diagnosed with Alzheimer's, there are three lessons I've learned from my grandmother and the dozens of people I've come to know living with this disease. Diagnosis doesn't mean you're dying tomorrow. Keep living. You won't lose your emotional memory. You'll still be able to understand love and joy. You might not remember what I said five minutes ago, but you'll remember how I made you feel. And you are more than what you can remember.Thank you.
如果做了所有的這一切之后 有一天你被診斷為老年癡呆， 我從我的祖母以及我認(rèn)識(shí)的許多患者中 學(xué)習(xí)到了三件事情。 診斷并不意味著死期將至。 頑強(qiáng)地活下去吧。 你不會(huì)丟失你的情感記憶。 你依然可以理解愛與喜悅。 你也許不會(huì)記得我五分鐘前的話語(yǔ)， 但是你依然會(huì)記得我?guī)Ыo你的感受。 你遠(yuǎn)勝于你所能記住的一切。謝謝。
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