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三彩馬是唐代雕塑藝術的典范。漢唐以來,歷代中原王朝以追求西域良馬為中西交流的重要事務。唐代對馬政高度重視,太宗、玄宗時期國家畜養良馬都在幾十萬匹的規模,太宗時期著名的“昭陵六駿”、玄宗時期廄苑里的寶馬良駒都成為歷史上的美談。洛陽出土的三彩馬雄健神駿,神氣十足,飽滿圓渾而不雍腫,裝飾華麗但并不艷俗,肢體動作豐富細膩,其出神入化的藝術手法,已臻化境,讓人感受到大唐帝國富有朝氣的情懷。
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907)
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1966年洛陽市關林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1966
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
1966年洛陽市關林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1966
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1981年洛陽市龍門安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
1982年洛陽市邙山徐村出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Xu village, Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1982
三彩馬
Tri-color glazed pottery horse
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
精神家園
唐代社會自信、開放、多元,傳統信俗與多元宗教相互融和。中國本土的道教、印度傳入的佛教、西方的景教、祆教、摩尼教等在唐代社會和諧共存。洛陽地區出土的唐代三彩天王俑、三彩鎮墓獸以及琳瑯滿目的三彩器皿,從器物造型、紋飾圖案及隨葬作用等方面,除了體現傳統喪葬信仰,包含濃厚的多元宗教信仰元素。
鎮墓獸在戰國時開始出現,西晉時期的墓中已較為常見。唐墓中出土的鎮墓獸多為蹲坐式,成對出現,它們往往被安置在墓道或墓門]的兩側,一般分為人面和獸面兩種。
三彩人面鎮墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618- -907)
1983年洛陽市邙山唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1983
三彩獸面鎮墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1963年洛陽市關林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1963
三彩獸面鎮墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb- guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1974年洛陽市關林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1974
三彩人面鎮墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩獸面鎮墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩人面鎮墓獸
Tri-color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩人面鎮墓獸
Tri- color glazed pottery tomb guarding beast in human face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty (618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩獸面鎮墓獸
Tri- color glazed pottery tomb- guarding beast in animal face
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
天王俑來源于佛教中帝釋外將的四大天王,天王是佛教中的護法神祗,分別以護國、增善根、凈天眼、揚福德為主職。盛唐時期,天王俑的形象受佛教文化影響,又與唐代武士形象互相滲透,一般頭戴兜盔,身著華麗的“明光鎧甲”,或足踏臥牛,或腳踩小鬼,叉腰握拳,英氣逼人。
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap a la
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1992年洛陽市澗西區唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Jianxi District, Luoyang, 1992
三彩天王俑
Tri- -color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1992年洛陽市澗西區唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Jianxi District, Luoyang, 1992
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap a la
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618. -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokapala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1974年洛陽市關林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1974
三彩天王俑
Tri -color glazed pottery lokapa la
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1974年洛陽關林出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1974
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokapala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1973年洛陽市邙山徐村出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Xu village, Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1973
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907)
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩天王俑
Tri-color glazed pottery lokap ala
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1970年洛陽關林地質隊唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1970
唐人“事死如事生”的傳統喪葬信仰,使得洛陽地區唐墓中出土豐富的與日常生活密切相關的壺、尊、瓶、盤、碗、杯、罐等三彩器皿,其中多數為專用陪葬的明器。三彩器皿的種類、造型、紋飾和色彩等方面,不僅受到多元宗教信仰因素的影響,同時也折射著唐人對生者、逝者的人文情懷。
三彩飛雁蓮花紋三足盤
Tri-color glazed pottery tripod plate with the design of lotus and flying goose
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩杯
Tri-color glazed pottery cup
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1984年洛陽市老城區唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at L aocheng District, Luoyang, 1984
三彩九星盤
Tri-color glazed pottery plate with one jar and eight cups
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1981年洛陽市龍]安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
三彩貼花帶蓋罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar with applique decoration
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩珍珠紋罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar with pearl pattern
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽龍門杜村出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Du village, Longmen, Luoyang
三彩珍珠紋罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar with pearl pattern
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1973年洛陽鴻河北窯唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Beiyao, Chanhe District, Luoyang, 1973
三彩三足爐
Tri color glazed pottery tripod burner
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1964年洛陽機瓦廠出土
Excavated in Luoyang, 1964
三彩鴛鴦
Tri-color glazed pottery mandarin duck
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1981年洛陽市龍]安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
三彩雞
Tri-color glazed pottery cock
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1981年洛陽市龍i ]安菩夫婦墓出土
Excavated from the combined tomb of General Anpu and his wife in Longmen, Luoyang, 1981
黃釉雙龍尊
Yellow glazed pottery vase with double-dragon-shaped handles
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
1985年洛陽市關林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1985
三彩獸頭壺
Tri-color glazed pottery pot with beast head
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1977年洛陽邙山葛家嶺出土
Excavated at Gejialing, Mangshan mountain, Luoyang, 1977
三彩飛雁荷花紋三足盤
Tri-color glazed pottery tripod plate with the design of lotus and flying goose
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
1975年洛陽.上窯唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Shangyao, Luoyang, 1975
三彩單耳杯
Tri-color glazed pottery cup with single handle
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1981年洛陽市關林出土
Excavated at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1981
三彩龍首杯
Tri-color glazed pottery cup in dragon-head shape body
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618-907)
洛陽苗溝出土
Excavated at Miaogou, Luoyang
絞胎瓷碗
Mix glazed pottery bowl
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618- -907)
洛陽博物館藏
Collected in Luoyang Museum
三彩枕
Tri-color glazed pottery pillow
唐代(618-907 )
Tang Dynasty(618 -907)
1966年洛陽市關林唐墓出土
Excavated from a Tang tomb at Guanlin, Luoyang, 1966
三彩牡丹紋枕
Tri-color glazed pottery pillow with peony design
北宋( 960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty (960- -1127)
1955年洛陽出土
Excavated in Luoyang,1955
三彩浮雕臥鹿紋枕
Tri-color glazed pottery pillow with deer design
北宋(960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127)
洛陽市溏河區出土
Excavated at Chanhe District, Luoyang
三彩獸形枕
Tri-color glazed pottery beast shaped pillow
北宋( 960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127)
1956年洛陽出土
Excavated in Luoyang, 1956
三彩魚紋盤
Tri-color glazed pottery plate with fish design
北宋(960-1127 )
Northern Song Dynasty(960-1127)
1955年洛陽澗西礦山廠出土
Excavated at Jianxi District, Luoyang, 1955
三彩罐
Tri-color glazed pottery jar
五代( 907-960 )
Five Dynasties(907-960)
1975年洛陽市瀍河區墓葬出土
Excavated from a tomb at Chanhe District, Luoyang, 1975
結語
治世出精品,盛唐出華彩。在中國古代明器(陪葬器)制作史上,唐三彩獨具匠心,使陶器披上了燦爛奪目的盛裝。唐三彩作為盛唐時期最具特色的工藝新品種,是唐代政治穩定、經濟繁榮、文化昌盛、中外交流頻繁的真實社會圖景的詮釋。透過這些飽滿規整、神完氣足的三彩精品,可以領略洛陽作為唐代東都的京華之地、絲路與大運河的交匯點、享譽世界的國際大都會時期所呈現的獨特人文風情與時代風貌。