背景 | Background
項目所在地“半坡國際藝術區”原是國家“一五”期間由前蘇聯援建的西北地區最大的紡織工業基地，藝術區的建筑主體是1961年建成的西北第一印染廠舊址（唐華一印）。之后這片紡織區逐漸退出了歷史舞臺，但遺留下了上萬平米質量頗高的蘇式廠房。2007年，部分西安藝術家和藝術機構進入，自發形成了小規模的藝術聚落，稱為“紡織城藝術區”。2012年，資本的強勢介入把藝術區更名為“半坡國際藝術區”，原有的連續性大廠房空間被劃分為獨立鋪面進行租賃，商家可按自己需求進行任意裝修。世俗化和商業化的氛圍迫使藝術家群體漸漸離去，取而代之的是餐飲、婚紗攝影、廣告公司等商業機構。
▼項目概覽，project overview
The Banpo International Art District was the largest textile industry base of Northwest China which was built by the former Soviet Union during the First Five-Year Plan period. The main buildings of Art District are the site of the first printing and dyeing factory of Northwest China (Tanghua Yiyin), which was built in 1961. After that, the textile area gradually withdrew from the historical stage, but left behind tens of thousands of square meters of high-quality Soviet-style factory buildings. In 2007, some Xi’an artists and art institutions entered and spontaneously formed a small-scale artistic settlement called “Textile City Art District”. In 2012, the strong intervention of capital renamed this area as“Banpo International Art District”. The original continuous large spaces were divided into independent Shops for leasing. The lessees can make any decoration according to their own needs. The atmosphere of secularization and commercialization forced the artists to disappear gradually, replaced by restaurants, wedding photography, advertising companies and other commercial organizations.
▼舊印染車間（來源于網絡）the old Printing and Dyeing Workshops
目標 | Objective
在這樣的背景下，垣建筑于2015年接手了其中兩跨廠房的改造設計。甲方是一位80后的地道陜西人，對藝術和文化充滿熱情，他希望這個空間能夠成為藝術的載體，傳播和展示陜西文化，同時也需要滿足適當相對獨立的辦公、接待、研究和儲藏功能。
In this context, we took over the renovation design of two-span factory buildings in 2015. The owner is an authentic Shaanxi natives of the post-80s generation, who is full of enthusiasm for art and culture. He hoped that this space could become a container of art to disseminate and display Shaanxi culture, meanwhile satisfy some auxiliary functions such as office, reception, research and storage.
▼改造后的廠房兼具了展廳、辦公、接待、研究和儲藏功能，the renewed factory works as an exhibition hall with the programme of office, reception, research and storage
面對這個任務書不明確、展示對象不清楚的項目，我們在分析研究后首先確定了幾個原則：第一，對工業遺產要有足夠的尊重，充分展現其空間價值，這是對歷史的交代；第二，對外部環境要有足夠的應對，既要屏蔽雜糅商業環境對藝術空間的干擾，又要通過設計積極改善公共空間環境，這是對現狀的交代；第三，對內部空間要預留足夠的自由度，保證空間靈活調整的余地，這是對未來的交代；第四，對這個現狀面積僅有256㎡的廠房空間要有造園的意趣，避免扁平化，從而延伸人在藝術空間中從感官到身體的知覺體驗。
▼展示空間，exhibition space
Faced with unclear mission requirement and exhibition objects, we first determined several principles after analyzing and reserching. Firstly, we should respect the industrial heritage and show its spatial value adequately, which is responsible for history. Secondly, we should respond adequately to the external environment, not only shield the interference of mixed commercial environment on artistic space, but also actively improve the public space through design, which is responsible for present situation. Thirdly, enough freedom should be reserved for the internal space to ensure the flexibility of space adjustment, which is responsible for future.Fourthly, we should have the interest of Chinese garden for this workshop space with a current area of only 256 feet so as to avoid flattening, but extending people’s perceptual experience from sense to body.
▼挑高茶室日景，day view of high tea room
空間 | Space
基于以上原則，我們首先利用廠房中段的結構體進行了適度的“空間加厚”，有些類似一個塞入了樓梯、展廊、衛生間、茶室等服務性功能的“厚墻”來分隔定義出南北方向的兩個主要空間區域，但又要保證它們之間視線上的直接聯系來加強空間的南北深度。兩個空間區域都預留了單獨的出入口，保證后期選擇流線的可能。北部區域保留了完整的大空間作為展覽活動的需要，同時能夠感受廠房最原始的空間力量，入口增加了一個序列性展廊作為前奏。南部區域則利用西側和南側的磚砌“老墻”、東側的雙層“竹墻”以及內部現澆的木紋混凝土“新墻”共同構成了一個內向型螺旋上升的空間動勢，并把入口與樓梯放在了對角位置來拉伸流線。
▼空間分析GIF圖，space diagram
▼剖透視圖，perspective section
Based on the above principles, we first used the original structure of the middle section to carry out a moderate “space thickening”, which are similar to a “thick wall” filled with stairs, galleries, toilets, tea rooms and other service functions，to separate and define the two main space areas in the North-South direction, but the two main spaces also ensure the relationship of sight to strengthen the depth of North-South space. In both space areas, separate entrances are reserved to ensure the later selection of circulation. The northern area retained a complete large space for exhibition and activities, visitors?can feel the most primitive power here. In the southern area, we created introversive spaces with the movement trend of spiral rise, which composited together?by the old brick walls on the west and south, the double bamboo wall on the east and the new concrete walls of pine wood texture.
▼空間在整體上形成視覺關聯，the visual connection of the entire space
▼展示空間和樓梯空間，exhibition space and stair
▼樓梯空間細部，detailed view
▼入口空間夜景，night view of entrance space
▼一層小茶室，tea room on the first floor
這種空間關系一方面有“四合院”的“內向性特征”：圍繞核心空間產生出大小不同的房間組合，既獨立又相互聯系，同時避免外部商業氣氛的干擾。另一方面設計主要在經營“方柱”、“片墻”、“水平板”的敘事性構成關系，希望呈現出“園林”里“小中見大”、“處處有景”的路徑和視線特征，又能為空間提供垂直向度的敘事性體驗，我們把這種空間操作狀態稱為“垂直墻園”，是對當代造園語言系統的具體化探討。
On the one hand, this kind of spatial relationship has the introversive characteristic of Chinese Courtyard: there are many different sizes rooms which are independent and interrelated around the core space, while avoiding the interference from external business atmosphere. On the other hand, the narrative logic of “vertical walls” and “horizontal boards” is adopted in this design, which not only presents the path and feeling of “big in small” in Chinese garden, but also provides the multi-dimensional possibility of vertical space. We called this kind of space as “Vertical Walls Garden”.
▼二層洞口，the holes of second floor
▼從二層看一層小茶室，tea room of first floor is seen from the second floor
▼洞口關系，the relationship of holes
材料 | Materials
在材料的選擇上，我們對原有的混凝土結構和不同時期疊加的磚墻予以充分保留，并剝去了混凝土結構的白色飾面，使其真實暴露。新植入的木紋混凝土是對原有混凝土的致敬，希望空間的整體屬性是一致的，僅在肌理表達上作了明確區分，畢竟藝術空間的實體墻面永遠只是展品的背景，我們只是選擇背景的氛圍而已。廠房空間的東立面屬于藝術區的公共過道界面，我們選擇了雙層竹墻進行維護，一方面利用竹子的自然屬性軟化外部商業空間的生硬感，產生界面的趣味性；另一方面，竹墻的間隙產生了一種“猶抱琵琶半遮面”的半透明效果，內外之間既得到了明確的分隔，又保持了某種曖昧模糊的神秘感，確立了藝術空間的自我身份。
▼木紋混凝土是對原有混凝土的致敬，the new wood-grain concrete walls are a tribute to these original materials
In the selection of materials, we fully retained the original concrete structure and the brick walls superimposed at different times, the use of new concrete walls are a tribute to these original materials, Similar materials also can help to keep the overall attributes of spacial feeling, only the texture expression is clearly distinguished. We chose double bamboo walls for the eastern facade of this space which belongs to the public corridor, on the one hand, the natural attributes of bamboo are used to soften the stiffness of external commercial space and produce interesting interface; on the other hand, the gaps between bamboo walls produces a semi-transparent effect to maintain a vague sense of mystery which can be established the self-identity of art space.
▼東立面入口，entrance and east facade
▼東立面竹墻，bamboo wall of east facade
結語 | Summary
這個低造價項目的主體改造2016年便完工了，但因為諸多原因一度閑置。直到2019年一批藝術品的入住才得以重新修整布置并對外開放，事先預留的空間自由度也給予了布置的各種可能性，最終呈現了一個充滿力量而又琳瑯滿目的小型藝術空間，因為“小”也才能注入更多的體驗、身體與情感。
The main transformation of this space was completed in 2016, but for many reasons it was once empty and wasted. Until 2019 with a collection of artworks’s coming, we had the chance to re-arranged this art space, and finally presented a small art space which is full of powerful and colorful. It is also because of “small” we had the chance to inject more experience, body and emotion.
▼展品與老磚墻，exhibits with old Brick Wall
▼展品與細節，exhibits and details
▼項目模型，project model
▼首層平面圖，1F plan
▼二層平面圖，2F plan
▼三層平面圖，3F plan
項目名稱: 不在方藝術空間
地點：中國陜西省西安市半坡國際藝術區
?設計單位: 垣建筑設計工作室（西安建筑科技大學建筑學院）
?主持建筑師: 吳瑞、王毛真、李少翀
設計團隊：蔣姝君、黃曉童
設計顧問：仲源
結構設計：寶玉林建筑服務有限公司
業主：不在方藝術館
層數: 地上三層?建筑規模：360㎡
設計時間：2015.04-2015.10
建成時間：2019.08
材料：混凝土；毛竹；鋼
攝影：王嘉琪/其間攝影、徐友驍
Project name: Bu Zaifang Art Space
Location: Banpo International Art District, Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, China?
Design:Wall Architects of XAUAT?
Partners in Charge: Wu Rui，Wang Maozhen，Li Shaochong?
Project Team: Jiang Shujun，Huang Xiaotong
Design Consultant：Zhong Yuan
Structural Engineer: Baoyulin Construction Service Co., Ltd.
Client: Bu Zaifang Art Gallery
Storey: 3 Floors
Building Area: 360m2
Design Stage: 2015.04-2015.10
Construction Stage: 2019.08
Materials:Concrete; Bamboo; Steel
Photo credits: Wang Jiaqi/QIJIAN.Photos、Xu Youxiao
Google Map ：109.057853, 34.271471
