▲圖三:乙肝病毒生命周期與治療靶點(圖源:Fanning et al.) 現有乙肝療法:只能抑制,無法根治,需終生用藥目前市場上乙肝藥物主要包括兩種:核苷(酸)類似物(NA)和干擾素。目前臨床上使用更多的是NA藥物。NA通過與天然核苷競爭,抑制病毒聚合酶從而阻斷病毒核酸的合成。干擾素價格昂貴,需要肌肉注射且具有較多不良反應,其市場逐漸萎縮。常見NA類乙肝藥物主要有恩替卡韋、阿德福韋酯、拉米夫定、替比夫定、替諾福韋等。由于恩替卡韋和替諾福韋出色的安全性和耐受性,被《2017 EASL(歐洲肝臟研究學會)最新乙肝指南推薦要點》列為乙肝治療的一線藥物,在國外抗乙肝病毒藥物市場上占據巨大的份額。
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