導(dǎo)讀 | 免疫細(xì)胞多與防御感染、損傷有關(guān)。現(xiàn)在,科學(xué)家們意外發(fā)現(xiàn)有一類特殊的細(xì)胞,是控制身體熱量、抵御寒冷的關(guān)鍵。這一最新研究揭示了免疫系統(tǒng)一個(gè)特殊且前所未知的功能。 |
doi:10.1038/s41590-018-0094-2
該項(xiàng)研究以“γδ T cells producing interleukin-17A regulate adipose regulatory T cell homeostasis and thermogenesis”為題在線發(fā)表于《Nature Immunology》期刊。
來自于都柏林圣三一學(xué)院的免疫學(xué)副教授Lydia Lynch和團(tuán)隊(duì)在脂肪組織中找到一類特殊的免疫細(xì)胞——Gamma delta T細(xì)胞(gd T細(xì)胞)可以通過調(diào)控脂肪代謝,控制身體熱量、抵御寒冷。
特殊的免疫細(xì)胞
Immune cells (or gd T cells) swarm around fat cells (adipocytes) in fat tissue to regulate their lipid burning vs storage. Credit: Lydia Lynch, Trinity College Dublin
gd T細(xì)胞通常存在于身體的屏障部位,避免身體免受感染。但是在最新的研究中,科學(xué)家們在脂肪組織中發(fā)現(xiàn)了這一類特殊細(xì)胞。不同于其他的免疫細(xì)胞(在脂肪組織中有進(jìn)有出), gd T細(xì)胞一直生活在其中。這意味著,它們在脂肪組織中發(fā)揮著重要的作用。
為了弄清楚這類免疫細(xì)胞的作用,科學(xué)家們從小鼠脂肪組織中提取出gd T細(xì)胞,并意外發(fā)現(xiàn),即便在溫暖的環(huán)境中,小鼠(缺乏gd T細(xì)胞)體溫也會下降。當(dāng)將小鼠轉(zhuǎn)移至寒冷的環(huán)境中,它們會因?yàn)闊o法調(diào)控提體溫而死亡。
促成脂肪代謝
The signals that tell our bodies how to work with fat. Credit: Lydia Lynch, Trinity College Dublin
人體內(nèi)的脂肪分成兩種:白色脂肪和棕色脂肪。其中,白色脂肪堆積在皮下,負(fù)責(zé)儲存多余熱量,引發(fā)肥胖;而棕色脂肪與之相反,它負(fù)責(zé)分解引發(fā)肥胖的白色脂肪,在體內(nèi)產(chǎn)生熱量,加快新陳代謝。
在探究小鼠死亡原因的過程中,研究團(tuán)隊(duì)意外發(fā)現(xiàn),脂肪組織中的免疫細(xì)胞會響應(yīng)低溫——通過啟動白色脂肪的燃燒,或者刺激白色脂肪轉(zhuǎn)換為脂肪細(xì)胞,從而產(chǎn)生抵抗寒冷環(huán)境所需的熱量。白色脂肪的分解主要是為了產(chǎn)生熱能,而體重下降則是主要的副作用。
這也意味著,存在于脂肪組織中的這些gd T細(xì)胞的主要功能并不是防御病原體或者癌癥,它們只是保護(hù)身體免受諸如感冒之類的非免疫相關(guān)危害。它們不僅負(fù)責(zé)將白色脂肪轉(zhuǎn)變成棕色脂肪,而且還能抵御寒冷。
責(zé)編:悠然
參考資料:
Scientists unearth vital link between fat, immunity and heat regulation
γδ T cells are situated at barrier sites and guard the body from infection and damage. However, little is known about their roles outside of host defense in nonbarrier tissues. Here, we characterize a highly enriched tissue-resident population of γδ T cells in adipose tissue that regulate age-dependent regulatory T cell (Treg) expansion and control core body temperature in response to environmental fluctuations. Mechanistically, innate PLZF+ γδ T cells produced tumor necrosis factor and interleukin (IL) 17?A and determined PDGFRα+ and Pdpn+ stromal-cell production of IL-33 in adipose tissue. Mice lacking γδ T cells or IL-17A exhibited decreases in both ST2+ Treg cells and IL-33 abundance in visceral adipose tissue. Remarkably, these mice also lacked the ability to regulate core body temperature at thermoneutrality and after cold challenge. Together, these findings uncover important physiological roles for resident γδ T cells in adipose tissue immune homeostasis and body-temperature control.
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