句子及段落的連貫性要求恰當?shù)厥褂藐P聯(lián)詞，也叫過渡詞。段落是否連貫主要取決于文章內(nèi)容是否符合邏輯，但是段落缺乏連貫性并不僅僅是邏輯順序問題，過度詞語也起著十分重要的作用。試比較：
(1)Nowadays there is a lack of understanding between parent and child. (2)Parents complain that their children’s behavior is often unreasonable. (3)Children complain that their parents are too old-fashioned. (4)When a child has a problem, he will not tell his parents. (5)He will go to his friends instead.
(1)Nowadays there is a lack of understanding between parent and child. (2)Parents often complain about their children’s “unreasonable” behavior, while children usually think their parents are too “old-fashioned”. (3)Then when a child has a problem, he usually goes to his intimate friends for sympathy and advice, leaving his parents totally in the dark.
比較：
1. 增加過渡詞While，一方面強化了兩代人之間互不理解的對立關系，另有一方面將（2）句和（3）句濃縮成一個句子，避免了雷同句式羅列造成的平庸感。由 Then引出結(jié)尾句，增強連貫性。
2. 句（3）分詞短語leaving…充當表示結(jié)果的狀語，將初稿中的句（4）和（5）合并為一個句子，增加了句式變化。To leave…in the dark意思是“使…蒙在鼓里”是一個習語。作文中如能出現(xiàn)一兩個習語，不僅能使文章有閃光的語言點，而且顯得文章地道。
3. 初稿中complain 后的that從句改成complain about，使得語言更簡練。
熟練掌握一些過渡詞：
1. 表示敘述順序：first,…second,…,/ firstly,…secondly,…lastly,…/ to begin with,…, next…,finally…
2. 補充，遞進：besides,/ moreover/ furthermore/in addition/ what is more/most important of all/last but not least/worse still/to make matter worse
例：The house is too small for a family of four, and furthermore/besides/what’s more/moreover /in addition/worse still , it is in a bad location.
3. 結(jié)果，原因：
原因：since / because /for /due to/ owing to/ thanks to/ with the help of
結(jié)果：so/ therefore/ consequently/ thus/ for this reason/ as a result/ as a consequence
4. 對照，對比，轉(zhuǎn)折，讓步：
讓步：even though/ in spite of that/ regardless of …/nevertheless
轉(zhuǎn)折：however/ but
對比：while/ whereas/ on the contrary/ as opposed to this…/ on the one hand…on the other hand
例句： It is hard work; I enjoy it though. 盡管困難，我還是挺喜歡的。
Contrary to what I had originally thought, the trip turned out to be fun. 與我先前預料的相反，結(jié)果這趟旅行還蠻好玩的。
5. 舉例：for instance/ for example/ take…for example/ such as/ like/ namely/ that is to say
6. 總結(jié)：in a word/ in short/ in brief/ in conclusion/ to sum up/ generally speaking/ briefly/
熟練掌握一些句式：
1. 原因：(1)There are three reasons for this.
(2) The reasons for this are as follows.
(3)The reasons for this are obvious.
(4) We have good reasons to believe that…
2. 優(yōu)點：(1) It has the following advantages.
(2) It benefits us quite a lot.
(3)It is beneficial to us.
(4) It does us a lot of good.
例：Books are like friends. They can help us know the world better….Therefore, reading extensively is of great benefit to us.
3. 缺點：(1)It has more disadvantages than advantages.
(2)It does us much harm.
(3)It is harmful to us.
例：However, everything has two sides. Television can also be harmful to us….
Obviously television has both advantages and disadvantages．
Living in a city has both advantages and disadvantages．
Compared with cars，bikes have their advantages and disadvantages．
4. 表示重要，必要，困難，方便，可能：
(1)It’s important (necessary, difficult, convenient, possible) for sb to do sth.
(2) It plays an important role in our life.
(3) We think it necessary to …
例：Computers are now being used everywhere……We have good reasons to say that computers are playing an increasing important role in our life.
5. 表示措施：(1)We should take some effective measures.
(2) We should try our best to overcome the difficulities.
(3)We should solve the problem that we are faced with.
6. 事實，現(xiàn)狀：
(1) We can’t ignore the fact that…
(2) No one can deny the fact that…
(3) This is a phenomenon that many people are interested in.
7. 結(jié)論：(1) In short, it can be said that…
(2) It may be brifely summed up as follows.
(3) From what has been mentioned above, we can come to the conclusion that…
8. 表達觀點：
(1) As far as I am concerned/as for me
(2) In my point of view, I like/prefer A much more than B.
(3) Different people have different attitudes towards…, some believe that…others, however, argue that…still others maintain that…
議論文常用句型
（一）段首句
1. 關于……人們有不同的觀點。一些人認為……
There are different opinions among people as to……Some people suggest that ……
2. 俗話說（常言道）……，它是我們前輩的經(jīng)歷，但是，即使在今天，它在許多場合仍然適用。
There is an old saying……It's the experience of our forefathers，however，it is correct in many cases even today.
3. 現(xiàn)在，……，它們給我們的日常生活帶來了許多危害。首先，……；其次，……。更為糟糕的是……。
Today, …… which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, ……
Second,……What makes things worse is that…….
4. 現(xiàn)在，……很普遍，許多人喜歡……，因為……，另外（而且）……。
Nowadays，it is common to ……. Many people like …… because ……
Besides，……
5. 任何事物都是有兩面性，……也不例外。它既有有利的一面，也有不利的一面。
Everything has two sides and …… is not an exception，it has both advantages and disadvantages.
6. 關于……人們的觀點各不相同，一些人認為（說）……，在他們看來，……
People’s opinions about …… vary from person to person. Some people say that ……To them,……
7. 人類正面臨著一個嚴重的問題……，這個問題變得越來越嚴重。
Man is now facing a big problem …… which is becoming more and more serious.
8. ……已成為人的關注的熱門話題，特別是在年青人當中，將引發(fā)激烈的辯論。
……h(huán)as become a hot topic among people，especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way.
9. ……在我們的日常生活中起著越來越重要的作用，它給我們帶來了許多好處，但同時也引發(fā)一些嚴重的問題。
……h(huán)as been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well.
10. 根據(jù)圖表/數(shù)字/統(tǒng)計數(shù)字/表格中的百分比/圖表/條形圖/成形圖可以看出……。很顯然……，但是為什么呢？
According to the figure/number/statistics/percentages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph，it can be seen that……while. Obviously，……but why?
（二）中間段落句
1. 相反，有一些人贊成……，他們相信……，而且，他們認為……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of……at the same time，they say……
2. 但是，我認為這不是解決……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don't think it is a very good way to solve …….For example，……Worst of all，…….
3. ……對我們國家的發(fā)展和建設是必不可少的，（也是）非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
……is necessary and important to our country's development and construction. First，……What's more, ……Most important of all,……
4. 有幾個可供我們采納的方法。首先，我們可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can……
5. 面臨……，我們應該采取一系列行之有效的方法來……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with……we should take a series of effective measures to…….
For one thing，F(xiàn)or another，
6. 早就應該拿出行動了。比如說……，另外……。所有這些方法肯定會……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. ……In addition.……All these measures will certainly…….
7. 為什么……？第一個原因是……；第二個原因是……；第三個原因是……。總的來說，……的主要原因是由于……
Why…… The first reason is that ……The second reason is ……The third is…….For all this, the main cause of ……use to …….
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好壞兩個方面一樣，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ……also has its own disadvantages, such as ……
9. 盡管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ……is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……這種觀點（陳述），主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ……because…….
（三）結(jié)尾句
1. 至于我，在某種程度上我同意后面的觀點，我認為……
As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that ……
2. 總而言之，整個社會應該密切關注……這個問題。只有這樣，我們才能在將來……。
In a word, the whole society should pay close attention to the problem of ……Only in this way can ……in the future.
3. 但是，……和……都有它們各自的優(yōu)勢（好處）。例如，……，而……。然而，把這兩者相比較，我更傾向于（喜歡）……
But ……and……h(huán)ave heir own advantages. For example, …… while……
Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to……
4. 至于我（對我來說，就我而言），我認為……更合理。只有這樣，我們才能……
For my part, I think it reasonable to…… Only in this way can you……
5. 對我來說，我認為有必要……。原因如下：第一，……； 第二，……；最后……但同樣重要的是……
In my opinion, I think it necessary to……The reasons are as follows. First
……second …… Last but not least,……
6. 在總體上很難說……是好還是壞，因為它在很大程度上取決于……的形勢。然而，就我個人而言，我發(fā)現(xiàn)……。
It is difficult to say whether ……is good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of…….however, from a personal point of view, I find……
7. 綜上所述，我們可以清楚地得出結(jié)論……
From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that……
8. 如果我們不采取有效的方法，就可能控制不了這種趨勢，就會出現(xiàn)一些意想不到的不良后果，所以，我們應該做的是……
If we can not take useful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is……
讓寫作增色的好句子
1. Time flies.時光易逝。
2. One today is worth two tomorrows.一個今天勝似兩個明天。
3. When an opportunity is neglected, it never comes back to you. 機不可失，時不再來。
4. Strike while the iron is hot. 趁熱打鐵。
5. Wisdom is more to be envied than riches.知識可羨，勝于財富。
6. It is good to learn at another man’s cost.前車可鑒。
7. Seeing is believing.百聞不如一見。
8. Practice makes perfect.
9. God helps those who help themselves.
10. Easier said than done.
11. Where there is a will, there is a way.
12. One false step will make a great difference.
13. Slow and steady wins the race. 穩(wěn)扎穩(wěn)打無往不勝。
14.A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit.吃一塹，長一智。
15. Experience is the mother of wisdom.實踐出真知。
16.All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.只工作不休息，聰明孩子也變傻。
17.Beauty without virtue is a rose without fragrance.無德之美猶如沒有香味的玫瑰。
18. More hasty, less speed. 欲速則不達。
19. It’s never too old to learn.活到老，學到老。
20. A journey of a thousand miles begins with a single step.
21. Look before you leap. 三思而后行。
22. Rome was not built in a day. 偉業(yè)非一日之功。
23. Great minds think alike.英雄所見略同。
24. Well begun, half done.好的開始等于成功的一半。
25. Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不見心不煩。
26. Facts speak plainer than words. 事實勝于雄辯。
27. First things first. 凡事有輕重緩急。
28. A friend in need is a friend indeed. 患難見真情。
29. Ill news travels fast. 壞事傳千里。
30. It won’t be long before….
議論文的框架
（1） 不同觀點列舉型（ 選擇型 ）
There is a widespread concern over the issue that __作文題目_____. But it is well known that the opinion concerning this hot topic varies from person to person.
A majority of people think that _ 觀點1 ________. In their views there are 2 factors contributing to this attitude as follows: in the first place, ___原因1 _______.Furthermore, in the second place, ___原因2 _____. So it goes without saying that ___觀點1 _____. People, however, differ in their opinions on this matter. Some people hold the idea that ___觀點1 _______. In their point of view, on the one hand， ___原因1 _______. On the other hand, ____原因2 _____. Therefore, there is no doubt that ___觀點2 ______.
As far as I am concerned, I firmly support the view that __觀點1或2 ______. It is not only because ________, but also because _________. The more _______, the more ________.
（2）利弊型的議論文
Nowadays, there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）___作文題目______. In fact, there are both advantages and disadvantages in __題目議題_____. Generally speaking, it is widely believed there are several positive aspects as follows. Firstly, ___優(yōu)點1 ______. And secondly ___優(yōu)點2 _____.
Just As a popular saying goes, "every coin has two sides", __討論議題______ is no exception, and in another word, it still has negative aspects. To begin with, ___缺點1 ______. In addition, ____ 缺點2 ______.
To sum up, we should try to bring the advantages of __討論議題____ into full play, and reduce the disadvantages to the minimum at the same time. In that case, we will definitely make a better use of the ____討論議題___.
（3）解決問題性議論文
Currently, there is a widespread concern over （the issue that）__作文題目_______ .It is really an important concern to every one of us. As a result, we must spare no efforts to take some measures to solve this problem.
As we know that there are many steps which can be taken to undo this problem. First of all, __途徑1 ______. In addition, another way contributing to success of the solving problem is ___途徑2 _____.
Above all, to solve the problem of ___作文題目______, we should find a number of various ways. But as far as I am concerned, I would prefer to solve the problem in this way, that is to say, ____方法_____.
（4） 諺語警句性議論文
It is well know to us that the proverb: " ___諺語_______" has a profound significance and value not only in our job but also in our study. It means ____諺語的含義_______. The saying can be illustrated through a series of examples as follows. （ also theoretically ）
A case in point is ___例子一______. Therefore, it is goes without saying that it is of great of importance to practice the proverb ____諺語_____.
With the rapid development of science and technology in China, an increasing number of people come to realize that it is also of practical use to stick to the saying: ____諺語_____. The more we are aware of the significance of this famous saying, the more benefits we will get in our daily study and job.
學會正確使用On the one hand,… on the other hand.
On the one hand,… on the other hand譯為“一方面，另一方面”但二者之間必須有對立關系，如果沒有對立關系則不能用。比較：
On the one hand, I admire his gifts, but on the other hand I distrust his judgement.
For one thing, I don’t like the color, and for another the price is too high.
I would not advise you to read the book, because, in the first place, it is very difficult and, in the second place, it is rather dull.
很多同學腦子里一出現(xiàn)“一方面,….另一方面”的概念， 就馬上想到“On the one hand,… on the other hand”，所以經(jīng)常出錯。記住“On the one hand,… on the other hand”表示對立，但“for one thing,…for another…”, “in the first place,… in the second place…”,表示增補。而漢語的“一方面,….另一方面”則既可表示增補，又可以表示對立。而且注意，“for one thing,…for another…”可單獨使用“for one thing,…”， 而“On the one hand,… on the other hand”，可單獨使用“… on the other hand…”不要記混。
