重要程度:★★★★★ 難易程度:★★★★★
(2017·天津) It was when I got back to my apartment _____________ I first came across my new neighbors.
A. who
B. where
C. which
D. that
【參考答案】D
一、限制性與非限制性定語從句
限制性定語從句對先行詞起修飾限制作用;非限制性定語
從句對先行詞起補充說明作用。非限制性定語從句中,
先行詞與定語從句往往有逗號隔開。非限制性定語從
句相當于并列句、狀語從句等。
二、關系詞的用法
(一)關系詞的作用和分類
1. 關系詞的作用有三個:
(1)連接作用:關系詞引導從句,把從句和主句連接起來;
(2)替代作用:關系詞在從句中替代先行詞;
(3)成分作用:關系詞在從句中總是充當句子成分。
2. 關系詞的用法分類:
關系詞
先行詞所指
在從句中所作成分
關系
代詞
that
人/物
主、賓、表
which
物
主、賓、表
who
人
主、賓
whom
人
賓
whose
人/物
定
as
人/物/事情
主、賓、表
關系
副詞
when
時間
時間狀語
where
地點
地點狀語
why
原因
原因狀語
關系代詞的用法與分類有三點依據:
(1)根據所引導的從句的限制性和非限制性;
(2)根據所替代的先行詞是指人還是指物;
(3)根據它在從句中所充當的成分——
主語、賓語、表語或定語。
(二)關系代詞that和which的用法
1. 限制性定語從句中,必須用關系代詞that的情況:
(1)當先行詞是不定代詞all,much,little,something,
everything,anything,nothing,none,the one時。
(2) 當先行詞前面有the only,the very(恰恰,正好),
any,few,little,no,all等詞修飾時。
(3)當先行詞是形容詞最高級或先行詞的前面有形容詞最高級修飾時。
(4)當先行詞是序數詞或它前面有序數詞修飾時。
(5)當先行詞既有人又有物時。
(6)當主句的主語是疑問詞who或which時。
(7)有兩個定語從句時,其中一個關系代詞宜用which,另外一個宜用that。
(8)當先行詞在主句中作表語,而關系代詞在從句中也作表語時。
2. 當先行詞指事/物時,定語從句中必須用which的情況:
(1)在非限制性定語從句中,只用which,不用that。
(2)當動詞短語中的介詞提前時,只用which,不用that。
(三)關系代詞who,whom,that和whose的用法
當先行詞指人:
①關系代詞在定語從句中作主語時,用who/that,不可省略;
②關系代詞在定語從句中作賓語時,用whom/who/that,可以省略;
③關系代詞在定語從句中作定語時,用whose,不可省略。
【拓展延伸】
【特別注意】
1. 非限制性定語從句中關系代詞和關系副詞的用法
(1)關系代詞和關系副詞在任何情況下都不能省略;
(2)who(主語),whom(賓語),which(主語,賓語)不能用that代替,也不能互相替換;
(3)在"介詞+which/whom從句"結構中,介詞不能移到從句的后面;
(4)when,where可用于非限制性定語從句中。
2. 在一些固定搭配的動詞短語中,由于動詞和介詞不可分割,因此不能把介詞置于關系代詞之前。
This is the pen(which/that)I’m looking for.
這是我正在尋找的那支鋼筆。
不可以說:This is the pen for which I’m looking.
I. 語法填空
1. (2017·新課標全國卷I) Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
2.(2017·新課標全國卷III) But Sarah, (1) has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____(2)_ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
II. 改錯
1. (2017·新課標全國卷II) In their spare time, they are interesting in planting vegetables in their garden, that is on the rooftop of their house.
2. (2017·新課標全國卷III) Around me in picture are the things they were very important in my life at that time: car magazines and musical instruments.
III. 單項填空
1. (2017·北京) The little problems __________ we meet in our daily lives may be inspirations for great inventions.
A. that
B. as
C. where
D. when
2. (2017·天津) My eldest son, ___________ work takes him all over the world, is in New York at the moment.
A. that
B. whose
C. his
D. who
3. (2017·江蘇) The publication of Great Expectations, which ___________ both widely reviewed and highly praised, strengthened Dickens, status as a leading novelist.
A. is
B. are
C. was
D. were
4. (2017·江蘇)In 1963 the UN set up the World Food Programme, one of __________ purposes is to relieve worldwide starvation.
A. which
B. its
C. whose
D. whom
5. (2015·湖南)It is a truly delightful place, __________looks the same as
it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.
A. as
B. where
C. that
D. which
6. (2015·福建)China Today attracts a worldwide readership, __________shows that more and more people all over the world want to learn about China.
A. who
B. whom
C. that
D. which
7. (2015·江蘇)The number of smokers, __________is reported, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
A. it
B. which
C. what
D. as
I. 語法填空
II. 改錯
1. (1)interesting→interested 【解析】考查形容詞,由于此句的主語是人,而interesting的主語是物,故將interesting改為interested。
(2)that→which 【解析】考查非限制性定語從句,非限制性定語從句需要用which引導,故將that改為which。
2. (1)在picture前加the/ this 【解析】考查限定詞的用法。單數可數名詞前應該有限定詞,根據句意可知在picture前加the或者this。
(2)they→that/which 【解析】考查定語從句。they不能引導定語從句,因為關系代詞指代things,所以把they改為that或者which。
III. 單項填空
1. A 【解析】句意:我們在日常生活中遇到的小問題可能就是偉大發明的靈感。_________ we meet in our daily lives是定語從句,從句缺少賓語,先行詞是problems,用that。
2. B 【解析】本句是一個非限制性定語從句,先行詞是My eldest son,根據句
和空后名詞確定引導詞在從句中作定語,選項中只有whose作定語修飾名詞。故選B。
3. C 【解析】考查主謂一致。本句是包含定語從句的復合句,先行詞Great Expectations是書名,看作單數,所以定語從句的謂語也要使用單數形式;根據"strengthened"可知,"被廣泛閱讀和得到高度評價"發生在過去,故選C。
6. D 【解析】本句使用關系代詞which引導非限制性定語從句,其中which指代前面整個句子的內容。
7. D 【解析】分析句子結構可知,空處引導非限制性定語從句,指代的是整個主句,故可排除A、C兩項。as引導非限制性定語從句時,表示"如同,正如",符合題干意思,故選D項。