本文選自《經(jīng)濟學人》1月23日刊文章。本期《經(jīng)濟學人》雜志為中國年輕人開設(shè)了特別報道版塊,從思想、文化、反叛精神、城鄉(xiāng)差距、海歸回國等各個角度分析中國的年輕一代。西方媒體對中國年輕一代的關(guān)注,也是對中國未來的關(guān)注。與以往西方媒體往往帶著偏見看中國不同,這期特刊非常客觀、系統(tǒng)的分析了中國1990年之后出生的這批人的成長背景、所受教育、愛國精神、反叛心理、城鄉(xiāng)年輕人差距等等,非常值得大家一讀。這篇長文客觀系統(tǒng)的介紹了中國90后的特征,他們沒有經(jīng)歷過政治動蕩,他們出生在嚴格的“獨生子女”政策之下,承載著幾代人的希望,他們的成長期伴隨著中國的高速發(fā)展,他們接受的是最嚴格的愛國主義教育。這一切影響著他們看待中國、看待世界的方式,他們有強烈的愛國熱情,也會為女權(quán)主義、環(huán)保主義、同性戀愛發(fā)聲,但也有年長一代人認為,他們?nèi)狈硐搿⒎磁选⑸踔劣職狻?0后的時代特征已經(jīng)成型,他們是決定中國未來命運的正在崛起的力量。
選文精講
Young Chinese are both patriotic and socially progressive. That mix is already changing their country, says Stephanie Studer, our China correspondent中國的年輕人具有愛國精神和社會進步精神,《經(jīng)濟學人》中國通訊員斯蒂芬妮·斯圖德說,這種混合正在改變他們的國家This special report focuses on those in their 20s. Many have spent some time living away from home, but are not yet in the thick of parenthood themselves. In China this cohort has a generational identity: the jiulinghou, or “post-90s”, a shorthand term for those born between 1990 and 1999. They number 188m—more than the combined populations of Australia, Britain and Germany. The jiulinghou are already making their mark, in ways unimaginable to those born a decade earlier.- in the thick of:積極從事、深度參與(If you are in the thick of it or in the thick of an activity or situation, you are very involved in it)
這篇特別報道關(guān)注的是20多歲的年輕人。他們中的許多人都離開家生活過一段時間,但自己還沒有成為父母。在中國,這群人有一種代際身份:90后,這是對出生于1990年至1999年之間的人的簡稱。這批人有1.88億——超過了澳大利亞、英國和德國的人口總和。90后已經(jīng)在以一種十年前出生的人無法想象的方式留下自己的印記。Many are defying social convention, often to their parents’ alarm. The jiulinghou are China’s best-educated cohort yet. Last year the country churned out a record 9m graduates. But increasing competition for good jobs means that returns to education are falling. Lots plump for stable civil-service jobs, yet some resent doing tedious work. One 27-year-old live-streamer who sells cosmetics asks why he should settle for a government job that is “bullshit and boring”? A pay cheque is no longer enough; young people want a sense of purpose. As labour-intensive manufacturing winds down, young migrants from the countryside are taking up gigs that give them more freedom in the booming informal sector.他們中的許多人會挑戰(zhàn)社會傳統(tǒng),這往往會讓他們的父母驚慌。90后是中國目前受教育程度最高的群體。去年,中國培養(yǎng)出了創(chuàng)紀錄的900萬名畢業(yè)生。但是,對好工作日益激烈的競爭意味著教育的回報正在下降。很多人喜歡穩(wěn)定的公務(wù)員工作,但也有一些人討厭單調(diào)乏味的工作。一位27歲的賣化妝品的主播就問,為什么他要接受一份“扯淡又無聊”的政府工作?工資支票已經(jīng)不能夠滿足年輕人了,他們需要一種使命感。隨著勞動密集型制造業(yè)的衰落,來自農(nóng)村的年輕打工人開始在蓬勃發(fā)展的非正規(guī)企業(yè)從事更自由的零工。