土木工程專業英語詞匯（上）
綜合類
大地工程geotechnical engineering
反分析法back analysis method
基礎工程foundation engineering
臨界狀態土力學critical state soil mechanics
數值巖土力學numerical geomechanics
土soil, earth
土動力學soil dynamics
土力學soil mechanics
巖土工程geotechnical engineering
應力路徑stress path
應力路徑法stress path method
2. 工程地質及勘察
變質巖metamorphic rock
標準凍深standard frost penetration
冰川沉積glacial deposit
冰積層（臺）glacial deposit
殘積土eluvial soil, residual soil
層理beding
長石feldspar
沉積巖sedimentary rock
承壓水confined water
次生礦物secondary mineral
地質年代geological age
地質圖geological map
地下水groundwater
斷層fault
斷裂構造fracture structure
工程地質勘察engineering geological exploration
海積層（臺）marine deposit
海相沉積marine deposit
花崗巖granite
滑坡landslide
化石fossil
化學沉積巖chemical sedimentary rock
階地terrace
節理joint
解理cleavage
喀斯特karst
礦物硬度hardness of minerals
礫巖conglomerate
流滑flow slide
陸相沉積continental sedimentation
泥石流mud flow, debris flow
年粘土礦物clay minerals
凝灰巖tuff
牛軛湖ox-bow lake
淺成巖hypabyssal rock
潛水ground water
侵入巖intrusive rock
取土器geotome
砂巖sandstone
砂嘴spit, sand spit
山巖壓力rock pressure
深成巖plutionic rock
石灰巖limestone
石英quartz
松散堆積物rickle
圍限地下水（臺）confined ground water
瀉湖lagoon
巖爆rock burst
巖層產狀attitude of rock
巖漿巖magmatic rock, igneous rock
巖脈dike, dgke
巖石風化程度degree of rock weathering
巖石構造structure of rock
巖石結構texture of rock
巖體rock mass
頁巖shale
原生礦物primary mineral
云母mica
造巖礦物rock-forming mineral
褶皺fold, folding
鉆孔柱狀圖bore hole columnar section
3. 土的分類
飽和土saturated soil
超固結土overconsolidated soil
沖填土dredger fill
充重塑土
凍土frozen soil, tjaele
非飽和土unsaturated soil
分散性土dispersive soil
粉土silt, mo
粉質粘土silty clay
高嶺石kaolinite
過壓密土（臺）overconsolidated soil
紅粘土red clay, adamic earth
黃土loess, huangtu(China)
蒙脫石montmorillonite
泥炭peat, bog muck
年粘土clay
年粘性土cohesive soil, clayey soil
膨脹土expansive soil, swelling soil
欠固結粘土underconsolidated soil
區域性土zonal soil
人工填土fill, artificial soil
軟粘土soft clay, mildclay, mickle
砂土sand
濕陷性黃土collapsible loess, slumping loess
素填土plain fill
塑性圖plasticity chart
碎石土stone, break stone, broken stone, channery, chat, crushed sto
ne, deritus
未壓密土（臺）underconsolidated clay
無粘性土cohesionless soil, frictional soil, non-cohesive soil
巖石rock
伊利土illite
有機質土organic soil
淤泥muck, gyttja, mire, slush
淤泥質土mucky soil
原狀土undisturbed soil
雜填土miscellaneous fill
正常固結土normally consolidated soil
正常壓密土（臺）normally consolidated soil
自重濕陷性黃土self weight collapse loess
4. 土的物理性質
阿太堡界限Atterberg limits
飽和度degree of saturation
飽和密度saturated density
飽和重度saturated unit weight
比重specific gravity
稠度consistency
不均勻系數coefficient of uniformity, uniformity coefficient
觸變thixotropy
單粒結構single-grained structure
蜂窩結構honeycomb structure
干重度dry unit weight
干密度dry density
塑性指數plasticity index
含水量water content, moisture content
活性指數
級配gradation, grading
結合水bound water, combined water, held water
界限含水量Atterberg limits
顆粒級配particle size distribution of soils, mechanical composi
tion of soil
可塑性plasticity
孔隙比void ratio
孔隙率porosity
粒度granularity, grainness, grainage
粒組fraction, size fraction
毛細管水capillary water
密度density
密實度compactionness
年粘性土的靈敏度sensitivity of cohesive soil
平均粒徑mean diameter, average grain diameter
曲率系數coefficient of curvature
三相圖block diagram, skeletal diagram, three phase diagram
三相土tri-phase soil
濕陷起始應力initial collapse pressure
濕陷系數coefficient of collapsibility
縮限shrinkage limit
土的構造soil texture
土的結構soil structure
土粒相對密度specific density of solid particles
土中氣air in soil
土中水water in soil
團粒aggregate, cumularpharolith
限定粒徑constrained diameter
相對密度relative density, density index
相對壓密度relative compaction, compacting factor, percent compa
ction, coefficient of compaction
絮狀結構flocculent structure
壓密系數coefficient of consolidation
壓縮性compressibility
液限liquid limit
液性指數liquidity index
游離水（臺）free water
有效粒徑effective diameter, effective grain size, effective size
有效密度effective density
有效重度effective unit weight
重力密度unit weight
自由水free water, gravitational water, groundwater, phreatic water
組構fabric
最大干密度maximum dry density
最優含水量optimum water content
5. 滲透性和滲流
達西定律Darcy s law
管涌piping
浸潤線phreatic line
臨界水力梯度critical hydraulic gradient
流函數flow function
流土flowing soil
流網 flow net
砂沸sand boiling
滲流seepage
滲流量seepage discharge
滲流速度seepage velocity
滲透力seepage force
滲透破壞seepage failure
滲透系數coefficient of permeability
滲透性permeability
勢函數potential function
水力梯度hydraulic gradient
6. 地基應力和變形
變形deformation
變形模量modulus of deformation
泊松比Poisson s ratio
布西涅斯克解Boussinnesq s solution
殘余變形residual deformation
殘余孔隙水壓力residual pore water pressure
超靜孔隙水壓力excess pore water pressure
沉降settlement
沉降比settlement ratio
次固結沉降secondary consolidation settlement
次固結系數coefficient of secondary consolidation
地基沉降的彈性力學公式elastic formula for settlement calculation
分層總和法layerwise summation method
負孔隙水壓力negative pore water pressure
附加應力superimposed stress
割線模量secant modulus
固結沉降consolidation settlement
規范沉降計算法settlement calculation by specification
回彈變形rebound deformation
回彈模量modulus of resilience
回彈系數coefficient of resilience
回彈指數swelling index
建筑物的地基變形允許值allowable settlement of building
剪脹dilatation
角點法corner-points method
孔隙氣壓力pore air pressure
孔隙水壓力pore water pressure
孔隙壓力系數Apore pressure parameter A
孔隙壓力系數Bpore pressure parameter B
明德林解Mindlin s solution
紐馬克感應圖Newmark chart
切線模量tangent modulus
蠕變creep
三向變形條件下的固結沉降three-dimensional consolidation settl
ement
瞬時沉降immediate settlement
塑性變形plastic deformation
談彈性變形elastic deformation
談彈性模量elastic modulus
談彈性平衡狀態state of elastic equilibrium
體積變形模量volumetric deformation modulus
先期固結壓力preconsolidation pressure
壓縮層
壓縮模量modulus of compressibility
壓縮系數coefficient of compressibility
壓縮性compressibility
壓縮指數compression index
有效應力effective stress
自重應力self-weight stress
總應力total stress approach of shear strength
最終沉降final settlement
7. 固結
巴隆固結理論Barron s consolidation theory
比奧固結理論Biot s consolidation theory
超固結比over-consolidation ratio
超靜孔隙水壓力excess pore water pressure
次固結secondary consolidation
次壓縮（臺）secondary consolidatin
單向度壓密（臺）one-dimensional consolidation
多維固結multi-dimensional consolidation
固結consolidation
固結度degree of consolidation
固結理論theory of consolidation
固結曲線consolidation curve
固結速率rate of consolidation
固結系數coefficient of consolidation
固結壓力consolidation pressure
回彈曲線rebound curve
井徑比drain spacing ratio
井阻well resistance
曼代爾－克雷爾效應Mandel-Cryer effect
潛變（臺）creep
砂井sand drain
砂井地基平均固結度average degree of consolidation of sand-drained ground
時間對數擬合法logrithm of time fitting method
時間因子time factor
太沙基固結理論Terzaghi s consolidation theory
太沙基－倫杜列克擴散方程Terzaghi-Rendulic diffusion equation
先期固結壓力preconsolidation pressure
壓密（臺）consolidation
壓密度（臺）degree of consolidation
壓縮曲線cpmpression curve
一維固結one dimensional consolidation
有效應力原理principle of effective stress
預壓密壓力（臺）preconsolidation pressure
原始壓縮曲線virgin compression curve
再壓縮曲線recompression curve
主固結primary consolidation
主壓密（臺）primary consolidation
準固結壓力pseudo-consolidation pressure
K0固結consolidation under K0 condition
8. 抗剪強度
安息角（臺）angle of repose
不排水抗剪強度undrained shear strength
殘余內摩擦角residual angle of internal friction
殘余強度residual strength
長期強度long-term strength
單軸抗拉強度uniaxial tension test
動強度dynamic strength of soils
峰值強度peak strength
伏斯列夫參數Hvorslev parameter
剪切應變速率shear strain rate
抗剪強度shear strength
抗剪強度參數shear strength parameter
抗剪強度有效應力法effective stress approach of shear strength
抗剪強度總應力法total stress approach of shear strength
庫侖方程Coulomb s equation
摩爾包線Mohr s envelope
摩爾－庫侖理論Mohr-Coulomb theory
內摩擦角angle of internal friction
年粘聚力cohesion
破裂角angle of rupture
破壞準則failure criterion
十字板抗剪強度vane strength
無側限抗壓強度unconfined compression strength
有效內摩擦角effective angle of internal friction
有效粘聚力effective cohesion intercept
有效應力破壞包線effective stress failure envelope
有效應力強度參數effective stress strength parameter
有效應力原理principle of effective stress
真內摩擦角true angle internal friction
真粘聚力true cohesion
總應力破壞包線total stress failure envelope
總應力強度參數total stress strength parameter
9. 本構模型
本構模型constitutive model
邊界面模型boundary surface model
層向各向同性體模型cross anisotropic model
超彈性模型hyperelastic model
德魯克－普拉格準則Drucker-Prager criterion
鄧肯－張模型Duncan-Chang model
動剪切強度
非線性彈性模量nonlinear elastic model
蓋帽模型cap model
剛塑性模型rigid plastic model
割線模量secant modulus
廣義馮·米賽斯屈服準則extended von Mises yield criterion
廣義特雷斯卡屈服準則extended tresca yield criterion
加工軟化work softening
加工硬化work hardening
加工硬化定律strain harding law
劍橋模型Cambridge model
柯西彈性模型Cauchy elastic model
拉特－鄧肯模型Lade-Duncan model
拉特屈服準則Lade yield criterion
理想彈塑性模型ideal elastoplastic model
臨界狀態彈塑性模型critical state elastoplastic model
流變學模型rheological model
流動規則flow rule
摩爾－庫侖屈服準則Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion
內蘊時間塑性模型endochronic plastic model
內蘊時間塑性理論endochronic theory
年粘彈性模型viscoelastic model
切線模量tangent modulus
清華彈塑性模型Tsinghua elastoplastic model
屈服面yield surface
沈珠江三重屈服面模型Shen Zhujiang three yield surface method
雙參數地基模型
雙剪應力屈服模型twin shear stress yield criterion
雙曲線模型hyperbolic model
松崗元－中井屈服準則Matsuoka-Nakai yield criterion
塑性形變理論
談彈塑性模量矩陣elastoplastic modulus matrix
談彈塑性模型elastoplastic modulus
談彈塑性增量理論incremental elastoplastic theory
談彈性半空間地基模型elastic half-space foundation model
談彈性變形elastic deformation
談彈性模量elastic modulus
談彈性模型elastic model
魏汝龍－Khosla－Wu模型Wei Rulong-Khosla-Wu model
文克爾地基模型Winkler foundation model
修正劍橋模型modified cambridge model
準彈性模型hypoelastic model
10. 地基承載力
沖剪破壞punching shear failure
次層（臺）substratum
地基subgrade, ground, foundation soil
地基承載力bearing capacity of foundation soil
地基極限承載力ultimate bearing capacity of foundation soil
地基允許承載力allowable bearing capacity of foundation soil
地基穩定性stability of foundation soil
漢森地基承載力公式Hansen s ultimate bearing capacity formula
極限平衡狀態state of limit equilibrium
加州承載比（美國）California Bearing Ratio
局部剪切破壞local shear failure
臨塑荷載critical edge pressure
梅耶霍夫極限承載力公式Meyerhof s ultimate bearing capacity formula
普朗特承載力理論Prandel bearing capacity theory
斯肯普頓極限承載力公式Skempton s ultimate bearing capacity formula
太沙基承載力理論Terzaghi bearing capacity theory
魏錫克極限承載力公式Vesic s ultimate bearing capacity formula
整體剪切破壞general shear failure
11. 土壓力
被動土壓力passive earth pressure
被動土壓力系數coefficient of passive earth pressure
極限平衡狀態state of limit equilibrium
靜止土壓力earth pressue at rest
靜止土壓力系數coefficient of earth pressur at rest
庫侖土壓力理論Coulomb s earth pressure theory
庫爾曼圖解法Culmannn construction
朗肯土壓力理論Rankine s earth pressure theory
朗肯狀態Rankine state
談彈性平衡狀態state of elastic equilibrium
土壓力earth pressure
主動土壓力active earth pressure
主動土壓力系數coefficient of active earth pressure
12. 土坡穩定
分析安息角（臺）angle of repose
分析畢肖普法Bishop method
分析邊坡穩定安全系數safety factor of slope
分析不平衡推理傳遞法unbalanced thrust transmission method
分析費倫紐斯條分法Fellenius method of slices
分析庫爾曼法Culmann method
分析摩擦圓法friction circle method
分析摩根斯坦－普拉斯法Morgenstern-Price method
分析鉛直邊坡的臨界高度critical height of vertical slope
分析瑞典圓弧滑動法Swedish circle method
分析斯賓賽法Spencer method
分析泰勒法Taylor method
分析條分法slice method
分析土坡slope
分析土坡穩定分析slope stability analysis
分析土坡穩定極限分析法limit analysis method of slope stability
分析土坡穩定極限平衡法limit equilibrium method of slope stability
分析休止角angle of repose
分析揚布普遍條分法Janbu general slice method
分析圓弧分析法circular arc analysis
13. 土的動力性質
比阻尼容量specific gravity capacity
波的彌散特性dispersion of waves
波速法wave velocity method
材料阻尼material damping
初始液化initial liquefaction
地基固有周期natural period of soil site
動剪切模量dynamic shear modulus of soils
動力布西涅斯克解dynamic solution of Boussinesq
動力放大因素dynamic magnification factor
動力性質dynamic properties of soils
動強度dynamic strength of soils
骨架波akeleton waves in soils
幾何阻尼geometric damping
抗液化強度liquefaction stress
孔隙流體波fluid wave in soil
損耗角loss angle
往返活動性reciprocating activity
無量綱頻率dimensionless frequency
液化liquefaction
液化勢評價evaluation of liquefaction potential
液化應力比stress ratio of liquefaction
應力波stress waves in soils
振陷dynamic settlement
阻尼damping of soil
阻尼比damping ratio
14. 擋土墻
擋土墻retaining wall
擋土墻排水設施
擋土墻穩定性stability of retaining wall
垛式擋土墻
扶垛式擋土墻counterfort retaining wall
后垛墻（臺）counterfort retaining wall
基礎墻foundation wall
加筋土擋墻reinforced earth bulkhead
錨定板擋土墻anchored plate retaining wall
錨定式板樁墻anchored sheet pile wall
錨桿式擋土墻anchor rod retaining wall
懸壁式板樁墻cantilever sheet pile wall
懸壁式擋土墻cantilever sheet pile wall
重力式擋土墻gravity retaining wall
